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1. A client, diagnosed with a hiatal hernia, will experience which of the following
symptoms most frequently?
1.Nausea
2.Vomiting
3.Diarrhea
4.Heartburn - ANSWER ANS: 4
With a hiatal hernia, stomach acids reflux into the esophagus, causing pain and
irritation that the patient will associate with heartburn. Nausea, vomiting, and
diarrhea are not symptoms typically associated with a hiatal hernia.
2. The nurse is instructing a client diagnosed with a hiatal hernia on ways to
reduce the symptoms. Which of the following should be included in these
instructions?
1.Eat large meals to keep the stomach full.
2.Drink lots of liquids so that the stomach does not have to work so hard.
3.Avoid lying down after meals.
4.Lie down after eating - ANSWER ANS: 3
,Sitting upright or sleeping with the head of the bed elevated helps keep the
stomach contents in the stomach. The meal size should be smaller, and meals
should be eaten more often so as not to overfill the stomach.
3. A client is diagnosed with burning mouth syndrome. Which of the following
interventions should be included in this clients plan of care?
1.Assess the condition of the clients teeth.
2.Collect a saliva specimen for analysis.
3.Tell the client to avoid vitamin supplements.
4.Teach the client how to conduct an oral self-assessment daily. - ANSWER
ANS: 1
Interventions for a client diagnosed with burning mouth syndrome include
assessing the condition of the teeth. A saliva specimen is not used to diagnose this
disorder. Vitamin supplements do not contribute to this disorder. An oral self-
assessment does not need to be completed every day.
4. During an assessment, the nurse learns that a client is inhaling while swallowing
food. Which of the following does this assessment finding suggest to the nurse?
1.The client is recovering from a stroke.
2.The client is at risk for aspiration.
3.The client will experience dyspepsia.
4.The client has esophageal reflux disease. - ANSWER ANS: 2
In clients with dysphagia, inspiration commonly occurs during swallowing. This
increases the risk for aspiration. This assessment finding does not indicate that the
client is recovering from a stroke. This assessment finding does not indicate that
the client will experience dyspepsia or that the client has esophageal reflux
disease.
,5. A client is experiencing brash water. The nurse realizes this symptom is
associated with:
1.oral cancer.
2.gastric ulcers.
3.dysphagia.
4.Barretts esophagus. - ANSWER ANS: 4
Brash water, or the sensation of the mouth filling with saliva because of acid
backflow into the esophagus, is a symptom of Barretts esophagus. Brash water is
not associated with oral cancer, gastric ulcers, or dysphagia.
6. A client has been prescribed Zantac for gastroesophageal reflux disease. The
nurse realizes this medication is classified as a: 1.histamine H2-receptor
antagonist.
2.proton pump inhibitor.
3.prokinetic agent.
4.antihistamine. - ANSWER ANS: 1
Zantac is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist. This medication is not classified as
being a proton pump inhibitor, prokinetic agent, or antihistamine.
7. A client is diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease caused by NSAID use. Which of
the following would be indicated for this client? 1.Antibiotic therapy
2.Treatment similar to a client with peptic ulcer disease 3.Preparation for surgery
4.Insertion of a nasogastric tube for gastric lavage - ANSWER ANS: 2
, For clients diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease caused by NSAID use, the anti-
inflammatory medication should be discontinued and the client should receive
treatment similar to that of peptic ulcer disease. Surgery is not indicated.
Antibiotics are not indicated. Gastric lavage is not indicated.
8. A child care worker complains of flu-like symptoms. On further assessment,
hepatitis is suspected. The nurse realizes that this individual is at risk for which
type of hepatitis?
1.Hepatitis A
2.Hepatitis B
3.Hepatitis C
4.Hepatitis D - ANSWER ANS: 1
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is spread through the fecal-oral route. Child care workers
are at greater risk because of potentially poor hygiene practices. Child care
workers are not at the same risk for contracting hepatitis B, C, or D.
9. An older male is diagnosed with cirrhosis of the liver. The nurse knows that the
most likely cause of this problem is:
1.being in the military.
2.traveling to a foreign country.
3.drinking excessive alcohol.
4.eating bad food. - ANSWER ANS: 3
The destruction to the liver from alcohol often progresses from fatty liver to
alcoholic hepatitis and culminates in alcoholic cirrhosis. Alcoholic cirrhosis
accounts for a great number of individuals diagnosed with this disease. Cirrhosis is
not associated with being in the military, traveling to a foreign country, or eating
bad food