Neuroanatomy Week 5
1. what does the MMSE screen for: multiple types of cognition
dementia
2. MoCa is more sensitive for screening of symptoms of: mild cognitive impairment (subtle
cognitive changes) than MMSE
3. parts of the mini-cog exam: 1. Ask the patient to remember three unrelated words and repeat the
words
2. Ask the patient to draw a clock face with the numbers and the hands at a specific time
3. Ask the patient to repeat the stated words
4. glasco coma scale measures: level of consciousness after a TBI
5. is a good score on glasco coma scale high or low: high
best - 15
comatose </= 8
unresponsive - 3
6. which motor tracts extend to specific motor cranial nerves: corticobulbar tracts
1/5
, 7. where do upper motor neurons change into lower motor neurons: anterior horn
of spinal cord (gray matter of spinal cord or interneurons)
8. upper motor neurons are in the primary motor cortex traveling to the: brainstem
or down the spinal cord
9. upper motor neurons are regulated by and utilize which neurotransmitter: -
glutamate
10. glutamate is the most abundant: excitatory neurotransmitter
11. UMN damage does not necessarily impact glutamine but may temporarily
disrupt: glutamate-GABA balance
12. cause of upper motor neuron damage due to glutamate is: glutamate mediated
excitotoxicity
due to vitamin B6 deficiency or magnesium deficiency
13. treatment of glutamate mediated excitotoxicity: inhibit NMDA receptors
14. UMN symptoms: increased spinal reflexes (clonus, babinski)
2/5
1. what does the MMSE screen for: multiple types of cognition
dementia
2. MoCa is more sensitive for screening of symptoms of: mild cognitive impairment (subtle
cognitive changes) than MMSE
3. parts of the mini-cog exam: 1. Ask the patient to remember three unrelated words and repeat the
words
2. Ask the patient to draw a clock face with the numbers and the hands at a specific time
3. Ask the patient to repeat the stated words
4. glasco coma scale measures: level of consciousness after a TBI
5. is a good score on glasco coma scale high or low: high
best - 15
comatose </= 8
unresponsive - 3
6. which motor tracts extend to specific motor cranial nerves: corticobulbar tracts
1/5
, 7. where do upper motor neurons change into lower motor neurons: anterior horn
of spinal cord (gray matter of spinal cord or interneurons)
8. upper motor neurons are in the primary motor cortex traveling to the: brainstem
or down the spinal cord
9. upper motor neurons are regulated by and utilize which neurotransmitter: -
glutamate
10. glutamate is the most abundant: excitatory neurotransmitter
11. UMN damage does not necessarily impact glutamine but may temporarily
disrupt: glutamate-GABA balance
12. cause of upper motor neuron damage due to glutamate is: glutamate mediated
excitotoxicity
due to vitamin B6 deficiency or magnesium deficiency
13. treatment of glutamate mediated excitotoxicity: inhibit NMDA receptors
14. UMN symptoms: increased spinal reflexes (clonus, babinski)
2/5
