1
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Advanced Pathophysiology Questions
and Answers (100% Correct Answers)
Already Graded A+
Absolute polycythemia [ANS:] excessive red blood cell
production; a physiologic response resulting from increased
erythropoietin secretion in response to chronic hypoxia or as a
symptom of polycythemia vera.
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Absorption atelectasis [ANS:] see Atelectasis.
Acid maltase deficiency (glycogen storage disease type II or
Pompe disease) [ANS:] an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder
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that damages muscle and nerve cells throughout the body by an
accumulation of glycogen in the lysosome attributable to
deficiency of the lysosomal acid a-glucosidase enzyme. The
buildup of glycogen causes progressive muscle weakness
(myopathy) throughout the body and affects various body tissues,
particularly in the heart, skeletal muscles, liver, and nervous
system.
Acne [ANS:] a common skin disease characterized by pimples on
the face, chest, and back. It occurs when the pores of the skin
become clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria.
Acne conglobata [ANS:] severe cystic acne characterized by
cystic lesions, abscesses, communicating sinuses, and thickened,
nodular scars; usually does not affect the face.
Acne rosacea [ANS:] a chronic form of dermatitis of the face in
which the middle portion of the face appears red with small red
lines caused by dilation of capillaries.
, 2
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Acne vulgaris [ANS:] an inflammatory eruption of the sebaceous
follicles usually occurring on the face, upper back, and chest that
consists of blackheads, cysts, papules, and pustules.
Noninflammatory acne [ANS:] open comedones caused by the
enlargement and dilation of a plug resulting from the
accumulation of oil and dead skin cells inside the hair follicle and
by closed comedones that form if the hair follicle pore remains
closed; they appear as a tiny, sometimes pink bump in the skin.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) [ANS:] see Immune
© 2025 Assignment Expert
deficiency.
Acquired sideroblastic anemia [ANS:] see Anemia.
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ACTH deficiency [ANS:] a condition characterized by decreased
or absent production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by
the pituitary gland, resulting in a reduction in the secretion of
adrenal hormones and subsequent weight loss, lack of appetite,
weakness, nausea, vomiting, and low blood pressure.
Actinic keratosis [ANS:] a condition in which a premalignant small,
reddish, rough spot appears on skin chronically exposed to the
sun.
Acute chest syndrome [ANS:] a syndrome occurring in association
with sickle cell disease defined by a new infiltrate on chest
radiograph; associated with one or more new symptoms: fever,
cough, sputum production, dyspnea, or hypoxia. It occurs most
commonly in the 2- to 4-year-old age group and declines in
incidence with age.
Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome) [ANS:] a
massive dilation of the large bowel that occurs in critically ill
patients and immobilized older adults. It is characterized by
, 3
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significant dilation of the cecum and absence of mechanical
obstruction, and is related to excessive sympathetic motor input or
decreased parasympathetic motor input.
Acute confusional state (ACS) [ANS:] a form of delirium caused by
interference with the metabolic or other biochemical processes
essential for normal brain functioning. Symptoms may include
disturbances in cognition and levels of awareness, short-term
memory deficit, retrograde and anterograde amnesia, and
disturbances in orientation, accompanied by restlessness,
apprehension, irritability, and apathy. The condition may be
© 2025 Assignment Expert
associated with an acute physiologic state, delirium, toxic
psychosis, or acute brain syndrome.
Acute coronary syndrome [ANS:] a classification encompassing
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clinical presentations ranging from unstable angina through
infarction.
Acute cystitis [ANS:] an inflammation of the bladder, which is the
most common site of urinary tract infection.
Acute epiglottitis [ANS:] an infection that causes inflammation of
the epiglottis and surrounding tissues and may lead to upper
airway blockage.
Acute gastritis [ANS:] an inflammatory disorder of the gastric
mucosa, usually caused by injury of the protective mucosal barrier
by drugs, chemicals, or Helicobacter pylori infection.
Acute glomerulonephritis [ANS:] see Glomerulonephritis.
Acute gouty arthritis [ANS:] an abrupt pain of a joint, most often
the great toe, which is swollen, hot, and shiny secondary to an
attack of gout.
, 4
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Acute idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
[ANS:] see Thrombocytopenia.
Acute leukemia [ANS:] see Leukemia.
Acute liver failure (fulminant liver failure) [ANS:] a rare clinical
syndrome resulting from severe impairment or necrosis of liver cells
without preexisting liver disease or cirrhosis. Acetaminophen
overdose is the leading cause.
Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
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[ANS:] a spectrum of acute lung inflammation and diffuse
alveolocapillary injury.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) [ANS:] see Leukemia.
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Acute mesenteric ischemia [ANS:] caused by acute occlusion of
the mesenteric artery that results in a significant reduction in
mucosal blood flow to the large and small intestines. Aortic
aneurysms, arterial thrombi, or emboli can be causes.
Acute mountain sickness (AMS) [ANS:] the presence of a
combination of nonspecific symptoms that appear within a few
hours after ascent to altitude, and may include headache, loss of
appetite, nausea, vomiting, weakness, lassitude, dizziness, and
difficulty sleeping.
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) [ANS:] see Leukemia.
Acute orthostatic hypotension [ANS:] an abnormal decrease in
blood pressure when a person stands. This may lead to fainting.
Acute otitis media (AOM) [ANS:] an infection of the middle ear
space, behind the eardrum (tympanic membrane); characterized
by pain, dizziness, and partial loss of hearing.
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
Advanced Pathophysiology Questions
and Answers (100% Correct Answers)
Already Graded A+
Absolute polycythemia [ANS:] excessive red blood cell
production; a physiologic response resulting from increased
erythropoietin secretion in response to chronic hypoxia or as a
symptom of polycythemia vera.
© 2025 Assignment Expert
Absorption atelectasis [ANS:] see Atelectasis.
Acid maltase deficiency (glycogen storage disease type II or
Pompe disease) [ANS:] an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder
Guru01 - Stuvia
that damages muscle and nerve cells throughout the body by an
accumulation of glycogen in the lysosome attributable to
deficiency of the lysosomal acid a-glucosidase enzyme. The
buildup of glycogen causes progressive muscle weakness
(myopathy) throughout the body and affects various body tissues,
particularly in the heart, skeletal muscles, liver, and nervous
system.
Acne [ANS:] a common skin disease characterized by pimples on
the face, chest, and back. It occurs when the pores of the skin
become clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria.
Acne conglobata [ANS:] severe cystic acne characterized by
cystic lesions, abscesses, communicating sinuses, and thickened,
nodular scars; usually does not affect the face.
Acne rosacea [ANS:] a chronic form of dermatitis of the face in
which the middle portion of the face appears red with small red
lines caused by dilation of capillaries.
, 2
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
Acne vulgaris [ANS:] an inflammatory eruption of the sebaceous
follicles usually occurring on the face, upper back, and chest that
consists of blackheads, cysts, papules, and pustules.
Noninflammatory acne [ANS:] open comedones caused by the
enlargement and dilation of a plug resulting from the
accumulation of oil and dead skin cells inside the hair follicle and
by closed comedones that form if the hair follicle pore remains
closed; they appear as a tiny, sometimes pink bump in the skin.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) [ANS:] see Immune
© 2025 Assignment Expert
deficiency.
Acquired sideroblastic anemia [ANS:] see Anemia.
Guru01 - Stuvia
ACTH deficiency [ANS:] a condition characterized by decreased
or absent production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by
the pituitary gland, resulting in a reduction in the secretion of
adrenal hormones and subsequent weight loss, lack of appetite,
weakness, nausea, vomiting, and low blood pressure.
Actinic keratosis [ANS:] a condition in which a premalignant small,
reddish, rough spot appears on skin chronically exposed to the
sun.
Acute chest syndrome [ANS:] a syndrome occurring in association
with sickle cell disease defined by a new infiltrate on chest
radiograph; associated with one or more new symptoms: fever,
cough, sputum production, dyspnea, or hypoxia. It occurs most
commonly in the 2- to 4-year-old age group and declines in
incidence with age.
Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome) [ANS:] a
massive dilation of the large bowel that occurs in critically ill
patients and immobilized older adults. It is characterized by
, 3
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
significant dilation of the cecum and absence of mechanical
obstruction, and is related to excessive sympathetic motor input or
decreased parasympathetic motor input.
Acute confusional state (ACS) [ANS:] a form of delirium caused by
interference with the metabolic or other biochemical processes
essential for normal brain functioning. Symptoms may include
disturbances in cognition and levels of awareness, short-term
memory deficit, retrograde and anterograde amnesia, and
disturbances in orientation, accompanied by restlessness,
apprehension, irritability, and apathy. The condition may be
© 2025 Assignment Expert
associated with an acute physiologic state, delirium, toxic
psychosis, or acute brain syndrome.
Acute coronary syndrome [ANS:] a classification encompassing
Guru01 - Stuvia
clinical presentations ranging from unstable angina through
infarction.
Acute cystitis [ANS:] an inflammation of the bladder, which is the
most common site of urinary tract infection.
Acute epiglottitis [ANS:] an infection that causes inflammation of
the epiglottis and surrounding tissues and may lead to upper
airway blockage.
Acute gastritis [ANS:] an inflammatory disorder of the gastric
mucosa, usually caused by injury of the protective mucosal barrier
by drugs, chemicals, or Helicobacter pylori infection.
Acute glomerulonephritis [ANS:] see Glomerulonephritis.
Acute gouty arthritis [ANS:] an abrupt pain of a joint, most often
the great toe, which is swollen, hot, and shiny secondary to an
attack of gout.
, 4
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
Acute idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
[ANS:] see Thrombocytopenia.
Acute leukemia [ANS:] see Leukemia.
Acute liver failure (fulminant liver failure) [ANS:] a rare clinical
syndrome resulting from severe impairment or necrosis of liver cells
without preexisting liver disease or cirrhosis. Acetaminophen
overdose is the leading cause.
Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
© 2025 Assignment Expert
[ANS:] a spectrum of acute lung inflammation and diffuse
alveolocapillary injury.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) [ANS:] see Leukemia.
Guru01 - Stuvia
Acute mesenteric ischemia [ANS:] caused by acute occlusion of
the mesenteric artery that results in a significant reduction in
mucosal blood flow to the large and small intestines. Aortic
aneurysms, arterial thrombi, or emboli can be causes.
Acute mountain sickness (AMS) [ANS:] the presence of a
combination of nonspecific symptoms that appear within a few
hours after ascent to altitude, and may include headache, loss of
appetite, nausea, vomiting, weakness, lassitude, dizziness, and
difficulty sleeping.
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) [ANS:] see Leukemia.
Acute orthostatic hypotension [ANS:] an abnormal decrease in
blood pressure when a person stands. This may lead to fainting.
Acute otitis media (AOM) [ANS:] an infection of the middle ear
space, behind the eardrum (tympanic membrane); characterized
by pain, dizziness, and partial loss of hearing.
