NURS 8024- Pharmacokinetics,Pharmacodynamics questions with answers

NURS 8024: |\




Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics
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questions with answers |\ |\




Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔absorption, |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


distribution, elimination of drugs; "what the body does to the
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drug"


Pharmacodynamics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔actions of the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


chemical on the organism; "what the drug does to the body"
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Toxicology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔branch of pharmacology that
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deals with undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems; all
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substances have potential for toxicity |\ |\ |\ |\




Pharmacogenomics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔genetic variations |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


that cause differences in drug response among individuals or
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populations


Pharmacologic agonist - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔agent binds to |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


and ACTIVATES the receptor, which directly or indirectly causes
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an effect; can be full or partial agonist
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Pharmacologic antagonist - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔agent binds |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


to a receptor, competing with other molecules and preventing
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binding by other molecules; INHIBITOR
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,Pro-drug - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔inactive precursor chemical;
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must be absorbed and distributed and converted to the active
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form of the drug by biologic processes
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Therapeutic window - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔desired drug |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


response without toxicity; between mean effective concentration
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for desired response & mean effective concentration for adverse
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response


MEC - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Mean effective concentration; drug
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response < MEC: response will be subtherapeutic; drug level >
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MEC: toxicity |\




ADME - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Absorption, Distribution,
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Metabolism, Elimination (fundamental pathways of drugs) |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




Absorption - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔entry of pharmacologic |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


agent into plasma |\ |\




Distribution - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔agent leaves bloodstream |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


and distributes into interstitial and intracellular fluids (where ever
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the target is)
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Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔agent must be metabolized |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


via liver, kidney, or other tissue
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, Elimination - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔agent metabolites must be |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


eliminated from body (urine, feces, bile); urine is most common
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route of excretion
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Enteral drug administration - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Easily self-
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administered & cheap |\ |\ |\




Drug absorption pathways complicated by first-pass metabolism
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(drug --> stomach --> liver --> systemic circulation)
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Influenced by food and other drugs |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




Parenteral drug administration - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔IV, IM,
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SQ
More control over actual dose of drug
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Goes directly into systemic circulation (bypasses first-pass effect
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& harsh GI environment)
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Some drugs are poorly absorbed through GI
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Rapid onset of action|\ |\ |\




"Can't take it back", infection risk
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Inhalation drug administration - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Rapid
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delivery, large surface area (good for gases, aerosols, respiratory
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drugs)


Rectal - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔50% of drug goes to liver for
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first-pass; 50% bypasses and goes directly to systemic circulation
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d/t circulatory drainage from rectum
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