Advanced Physiology Exam 1 with |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
correct answers |||\\\
What are the fundamental concepts of Physiology? - correct answer✔✔Homeostasis
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Feedback
Redundancy
Integration
Define Homeostasis - correct answer✔✔Maintaining physiological variables within a relatively
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
narrow range, regardless of the extrenal (outside temp.) stress or internal stress (low blood
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
sugar).
Two kinds of Feedback - correct answer✔✔Positive Feedback (1-5%)
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Negative Feedback (95-99%) |||\\\ |||\\\
The idea of Negative Feedback - correct answer✔✔When a sensor (thermostat) detects a level
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
(set point) of the output (cold air) of a controller (A/C unit) and leads to
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
LESS OUTPUT. |||\\\
Example of Negative Feedback Scenario - correct answer✔✔Insulin secretion in response to
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
high blood glucose, when blood glucose levels drop, insulin secretion stops.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Positive Feedback - correct answer✔✔LEADS TO MORE OUTPUT
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Example of Positive feedback scenario - correct answer✔✔Oxytocin released in response to
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contractions of uterus and leads to MORE contractions of uterus |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
,Define Redundancy - correct answer✔✔having more than one system in place to HELP attain
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
the goal of homeostasis.
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Example of Redundancy: - correct answer✔✔Insulin/Glucagon primary mechanism
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Growth Hormone- also INFLUENCES blood glucose. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Define Integration: - correct answer✔✔The working together of multiple physiological systems
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
to maintain homeostasis.
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Example of Integration - correct answer✔✔GOAL: maintain adequate perfusion of oxygenated
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
blood to ALL tissue. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Cardiovascular system MUST work with respiratory system. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
ACH ACHE ACHE Inhibitor - correct answer✔✔ACH- acetylcholine
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
ACHE - Pacman -eats acetylcholine |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
ACHE Inhibitor - bug spray (kills pacman)
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Serotonin - correct answer✔✔Similar example to ACH. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
too little 5HT = depression
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Serotonin Reuptake |||\\\
SSRI's - Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
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Antagonist - correct answer✔✔binds, but no effect |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Agonist - correct answer✔✔mimic effect of hormone or neurotransmitter
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
, Ca2+ as a second messenger |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Name two ways to raise Ca2+ - correct answer✔✔1) [Entry from outside]
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a) voltage-gated Ca2+ channel
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b) ligand-gated Ca2+ channel
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2) [Release from storage on inside]
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a) endoplasmic reticulum
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b) sarcoplasmic reticulum = muscles dummy
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All __________ _________ hormones have a hypothalamic factor(s) regulating the ________
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_____
hormone secretion. - correct answer✔✔All Anterior Pituitary hormones have a hypothalamic
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factor or factors regulating the Anterior Pituitary hormone secretion.
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Define lipophillic as it pertains to Hormones - correct answer✔✔Hormones ability to pass
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
through membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Examples of INTRAcellular receptors - correct answer✔✔cytosol --> transfer to nucleus |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
nuclear receptor |||\\\
Define lipophobic as it pertains to hormones - correct answer✔✔hormone CANNOT pass
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
through lipid membrane. |||\\\ |||\\\
It must bind to a transmembrane receptor.
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Define Mechanisms of Action - correct answer✔✔How a hormone talks to a cell.
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__________ hormones are fast acting, short lasting. - correct answer✔✔Lipophobic |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
correct answers |||\\\
What are the fundamental concepts of Physiology? - correct answer✔✔Homeostasis
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Feedback
Redundancy
Integration
Define Homeostasis - correct answer✔✔Maintaining physiological variables within a relatively
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
narrow range, regardless of the extrenal (outside temp.) stress or internal stress (low blood
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
sugar).
Two kinds of Feedback - correct answer✔✔Positive Feedback (1-5%)
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Negative Feedback (95-99%) |||\\\ |||\\\
The idea of Negative Feedback - correct answer✔✔When a sensor (thermostat) detects a level
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
(set point) of the output (cold air) of a controller (A/C unit) and leads to
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
LESS OUTPUT. |||\\\
Example of Negative Feedback Scenario - correct answer✔✔Insulin secretion in response to
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
high blood glucose, when blood glucose levels drop, insulin secretion stops.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Positive Feedback - correct answer✔✔LEADS TO MORE OUTPUT
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Example of Positive feedback scenario - correct answer✔✔Oxytocin released in response to
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
contractions of uterus and leads to MORE contractions of uterus |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
,Define Redundancy - correct answer✔✔having more than one system in place to HELP attain
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
the goal of homeostasis.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Example of Redundancy: - correct answer✔✔Insulin/Glucagon primary mechanism
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Growth Hormone- also INFLUENCES blood glucose. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Define Integration: - correct answer✔✔The working together of multiple physiological systems
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
to maintain homeostasis.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Example of Integration - correct answer✔✔GOAL: maintain adequate perfusion of oxygenated
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
blood to ALL tissue. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Cardiovascular system MUST work with respiratory system. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
ACH ACHE ACHE Inhibitor - correct answer✔✔ACH- acetylcholine
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
ACHE - Pacman -eats acetylcholine |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
ACHE Inhibitor - bug spray (kills pacman)
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Serotonin - correct answer✔✔Similar example to ACH. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
too little 5HT = depression
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Serotonin Reuptake |||\\\
SSRI's - Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Antagonist - correct answer✔✔binds, but no effect |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Agonist - correct answer✔✔mimic effect of hormone or neurotransmitter
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
, Ca2+ as a second messenger |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Name two ways to raise Ca2+ - correct answer✔✔1) [Entry from outside]
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
a) voltage-gated Ca2+ channel
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
b) ligand-gated Ca2+ channel
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
2) [Release from storage on inside]
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
a) endoplasmic reticulum
|||\\\ |||\\\
b) sarcoplasmic reticulum = muscles dummy
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
All __________ _________ hormones have a hypothalamic factor(s) regulating the ________
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
_____
hormone secretion. - correct answer✔✔All Anterior Pituitary hormones have a hypothalamic
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
factor or factors regulating the Anterior Pituitary hormone secretion.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Define lipophillic as it pertains to Hormones - correct answer✔✔Hormones ability to pass
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
through membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Examples of INTRAcellular receptors - correct answer✔✔cytosol --> transfer to nucleus |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
nuclear receptor |||\\\
Define lipophobic as it pertains to hormones - correct answer✔✔hormone CANNOT pass
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
through lipid membrane. |||\\\ |||\\\
It must bind to a transmembrane receptor.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Define Mechanisms of Action - correct answer✔✔How a hormone talks to a cell.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
__________ hormones are fast acting, short lasting. - correct answer✔✔Lipophobic |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
