Cancer Immunotherapy Exam questions and
answers
How does immunotherapy work - ✅✅Leverages your immune system to fight and learn how to
detect and kill the offending cells in the future
2 proteins on surfaces of cells for inhibitory signals - ✅✅CTLA-4 and PD-1
Main goal of T cells - ✅✅Turn on immune system, turning up immune system and turning off immune
system
How are T cells and cancer antigens related to - ✅✅Cancer releases antigens to impact T cells, T cells
realized something weird is going on with that cell type, and that's when it starts linking onto the cancer
antigen and signals to the system for more T cells to infiltrate the tumor cells, and kill them
How to T cells recognize cancer - ✅✅Antigens on the surface
Types of immunotherapy - ✅✅monoclonal antibodies, CART cells, cytokines, vaccines
mABs - ✅✅Type of a protein made in lab that binds to only 1 substances
- aka targeted therapy
Main goal of mABs - ✅✅1) Cause an immune response that destroys cancer cells
2) mark/tag cancer cells so its easier for the immune system to find and destroy them
3) can be used along to carry drugs, toxins, or radioactive substances directly to cancer cells
mABs that are immune checkpoint inhibitors - ✅✅CTLA4s
PD1
, What do immune checkpoint inhibitors do - ✅✅Prevent receptors and ligands from binding to each
other
- disrupts signaling so t-cells can kill cancer cells
Naked monoclonal antibodies - ✅✅Work by themselves
- no drug or radioactive material attached/labeled
Most common type of mAB - ✅✅Naked mAB
How to naked mABs work (3 mechanisms) - ✅✅1) Boost immune response by attaching to CA cells
and marking them for immune system to destroy them
2) target checkpoints and turning them off
3) attach or block antigens on CA cells/other cells that helped CA grow or spread
Conjugated mABs - ✅✅Joined to a chemotherapy drug or radioactive particle
How does conjugated mAB work - ✅✅Homing device to take one of these substances direly to cancer
Cole's
- circulates in body until it finds and hooks onto target antigen then delivers toxic substances where it's
needed most and reduces damage to normal cells
Chemolabeled conjugated mAB - ✅✅Have chemo drugs attached to them
Why can't conjugated chemolabeled mABs be used alone - ✅✅Too powerful and would cause too
many side effects if not attached to an antibody
Radiolabeled conjugated mABs - ✅✅Radioimmunotherapy
- small but powerful radioactive particles attached
Bispecific mABs - ✅✅Made up of parts of 2 different mABs
answers
How does immunotherapy work - ✅✅Leverages your immune system to fight and learn how to
detect and kill the offending cells in the future
2 proteins on surfaces of cells for inhibitory signals - ✅✅CTLA-4 and PD-1
Main goal of T cells - ✅✅Turn on immune system, turning up immune system and turning off immune
system
How are T cells and cancer antigens related to - ✅✅Cancer releases antigens to impact T cells, T cells
realized something weird is going on with that cell type, and that's when it starts linking onto the cancer
antigen and signals to the system for more T cells to infiltrate the tumor cells, and kill them
How to T cells recognize cancer - ✅✅Antigens on the surface
Types of immunotherapy - ✅✅monoclonal antibodies, CART cells, cytokines, vaccines
mABs - ✅✅Type of a protein made in lab that binds to only 1 substances
- aka targeted therapy
Main goal of mABs - ✅✅1) Cause an immune response that destroys cancer cells
2) mark/tag cancer cells so its easier for the immune system to find and destroy them
3) can be used along to carry drugs, toxins, or radioactive substances directly to cancer cells
mABs that are immune checkpoint inhibitors - ✅✅CTLA4s
PD1
, What do immune checkpoint inhibitors do - ✅✅Prevent receptors and ligands from binding to each
other
- disrupts signaling so t-cells can kill cancer cells
Naked monoclonal antibodies - ✅✅Work by themselves
- no drug or radioactive material attached/labeled
Most common type of mAB - ✅✅Naked mAB
How to naked mABs work (3 mechanisms) - ✅✅1) Boost immune response by attaching to CA cells
and marking them for immune system to destroy them
2) target checkpoints and turning them off
3) attach or block antigens on CA cells/other cells that helped CA grow or spread
Conjugated mABs - ✅✅Joined to a chemotherapy drug or radioactive particle
How does conjugated mAB work - ✅✅Homing device to take one of these substances direly to cancer
Cole's
- circulates in body until it finds and hooks onto target antigen then delivers toxic substances where it's
needed most and reduces damage to normal cells
Chemolabeled conjugated mAB - ✅✅Have chemo drugs attached to them
Why can't conjugated chemolabeled mABs be used alone - ✅✅Too powerful and would cause too
many side effects if not attached to an antibody
Radiolabeled conjugated mABs - ✅✅Radioimmunotherapy
- small but powerful radioactive particles attached
Bispecific mABs - ✅✅Made up of parts of 2 different mABs
