NUR2502 Exam 3: Modules 7-10 Exam Questions AND Correct
Answers
"run of v-tach" - ✔✔3+ PVCs in a row.
abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) - ✔✔fatal condition in
which the walls of the aorta in the abdomen weaken and
blood leaks into the layers of the vessel, causing it to bulge.
- risk factors: HTN, nicotine use.
cause: atherosclerosis.
- S/S: pulsatile abdominal mass, severe back/abdominal pain
(impending rupture).
- complications: rupture and death.
- assessment: pulsatile middle/upper abdomen, systolic bruit
over mass, small AAA = US Q-6 months, or CTA (new/big).
- treatment: antihypertensives, endovascular aortic/surgical
repair.
- post-endovascular care: minimize femoral artery pressure;
supine x6 hrs, HOB 45 degrees after 2 hrs; after 6 hrs, can
roll and BRP w/assistance, VS, doppler, & site assessment Q-
15 minutes, monitor temp Q-4 hrs.
notify provider of persistent coughing, sneezing, vomiting,
SBP>180.
acute chest syndrome - ✔✔vasoocclusive crisis in sickle cell
disease where sickle cells get trapped in the lung and cause
infection
,- causes: pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, bone marrow
embolism, pulmonary infarct.
- S/S: fever, respiratory distress, tachypnea, cough,
wheezing, new infiltrates on CXR.
acute coronary syndrome (ACS) - ✔✔emergent, acute onset of
myocardial ischemia which leads to myocardial death.
- types: unstable angina, STEMI, NSTEMI.
- S/S: CP, SOB, indigestion, nausea, anxiety, cool, pale, and
moist skin, tachycardia, tachypnea.
- assessment: EKG (ST elevation, T-wave inversion), troponin,
creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin.
- treatment: minimize myocardial damage; MONA (morphine,
O2, nitroglycerin, aspirin), PCI or thrombolytics, beta-
blocker, unfractionated heparin/LMWH w/antiplatelet agent,
monitor VS, EKG, bed rest w/HOB elevated, anxiolytics,
monitor for complications, cardiac rehab.
acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR) - ✔✔most
serious blood transfusion reaction characterized by
incompatibility between client's and donor's blood which
causes destruction of transfused RBCs and kidney damage or
failure.
- causes: blood type incompatibility, patient's Abs combine
with donor Ags on RBCs.
- S/S: low back pain, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension.
- treatment: stop transfusion.
,acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) - ✔✔leukemia involving
rapid increase in lymphoblasts.
- majority of cases are in children (median age 15 y/o).
- S/S: initially nonspecific or no symptoms; bone pain (>1-2
weeks), pain from enlarged liver or spleen, cranial nerve
palsies (from pressure of expanded vessels) or headache and
vomiting.
- treatment: based on genetic markers and patient age;
chemotherapy, TKIs, corticosteroids, vinca alkaloids, stem
cell transplant.
acute myeloid leukemia (AML) - ✔✔leukemia involving genetic
mutation of the myeloid blast cells (immature WBCs).
- most common form of leukemia, incidence increases with
age (median age = 68 y/o).
- risk factors: male, exposure to chemicals (benzene,
pesticides) and ionizing radiation, chemotherapy, smoking,
hematopoietic disorders (myeloproliferative disease), genetic
disorders (Down syndrome).
- S/S: anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, enlarged
liver/spleen, gum hyperplasia, bone pain, leukemic cells can
also infiltrate the gingiva/synovial spaces of the joints.
- assessments: CBC (↓ RBCs & platelets), bone marrow
aspirate (20%+ blast cells).
- treatment: complete remission (no residual leukemic cells);
chemotherapy (induction & consolidation).
, advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) - ✔✔a series of life-
sustaining procedures administered in response to major
heart traumas.
- involves specific roles, clear & direct communication.
- includes advanced airway placement and medications.
- stopped when pt regains a pulse or when all options have
been exhausted.
- meds: epinephrine, amiodarone, lidocaine, atropine,
dopamine, norepinephrine, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium
sulfate.
allergic reaction to blood transfusion - ✔✔blood transfusion
reaction caused by hypersensitivity.
- S/S: skin rash, flushing, urticaria, asthmatic wheezing.
- complications: laryngeal edema, anaphylaxis.
- treatment: stop transfusion.
amiodarone - ✔✔medication that prolongs action potential
and refractory period to help with dysrhythmias.
- indications: v-fib, v-tach.
anemia - ✔✔a deficiency of RBCs, Hgb, or Hct.
- types: iron deficiency, aplastic, folic acid, vitamin B12
(pernicious).
Answers
"run of v-tach" - ✔✔3+ PVCs in a row.
abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) - ✔✔fatal condition in
which the walls of the aorta in the abdomen weaken and
blood leaks into the layers of the vessel, causing it to bulge.
- risk factors: HTN, nicotine use.
cause: atherosclerosis.
- S/S: pulsatile abdominal mass, severe back/abdominal pain
(impending rupture).
- complications: rupture and death.
- assessment: pulsatile middle/upper abdomen, systolic bruit
over mass, small AAA = US Q-6 months, or CTA (new/big).
- treatment: antihypertensives, endovascular aortic/surgical
repair.
- post-endovascular care: minimize femoral artery pressure;
supine x6 hrs, HOB 45 degrees after 2 hrs; after 6 hrs, can
roll and BRP w/assistance, VS, doppler, & site assessment Q-
15 minutes, monitor temp Q-4 hrs.
notify provider of persistent coughing, sneezing, vomiting,
SBP>180.
acute chest syndrome - ✔✔vasoocclusive crisis in sickle cell
disease where sickle cells get trapped in the lung and cause
infection
,- causes: pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, bone marrow
embolism, pulmonary infarct.
- S/S: fever, respiratory distress, tachypnea, cough,
wheezing, new infiltrates on CXR.
acute coronary syndrome (ACS) - ✔✔emergent, acute onset of
myocardial ischemia which leads to myocardial death.
- types: unstable angina, STEMI, NSTEMI.
- S/S: CP, SOB, indigestion, nausea, anxiety, cool, pale, and
moist skin, tachycardia, tachypnea.
- assessment: EKG (ST elevation, T-wave inversion), troponin,
creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin.
- treatment: minimize myocardial damage; MONA (morphine,
O2, nitroglycerin, aspirin), PCI or thrombolytics, beta-
blocker, unfractionated heparin/LMWH w/antiplatelet agent,
monitor VS, EKG, bed rest w/HOB elevated, anxiolytics,
monitor for complications, cardiac rehab.
acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR) - ✔✔most
serious blood transfusion reaction characterized by
incompatibility between client's and donor's blood which
causes destruction of transfused RBCs and kidney damage or
failure.
- causes: blood type incompatibility, patient's Abs combine
with donor Ags on RBCs.
- S/S: low back pain, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension.
- treatment: stop transfusion.
,acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) - ✔✔leukemia involving
rapid increase in lymphoblasts.
- majority of cases are in children (median age 15 y/o).
- S/S: initially nonspecific or no symptoms; bone pain (>1-2
weeks), pain from enlarged liver or spleen, cranial nerve
palsies (from pressure of expanded vessels) or headache and
vomiting.
- treatment: based on genetic markers and patient age;
chemotherapy, TKIs, corticosteroids, vinca alkaloids, stem
cell transplant.
acute myeloid leukemia (AML) - ✔✔leukemia involving genetic
mutation of the myeloid blast cells (immature WBCs).
- most common form of leukemia, incidence increases with
age (median age = 68 y/o).
- risk factors: male, exposure to chemicals (benzene,
pesticides) and ionizing radiation, chemotherapy, smoking,
hematopoietic disorders (myeloproliferative disease), genetic
disorders (Down syndrome).
- S/S: anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, enlarged
liver/spleen, gum hyperplasia, bone pain, leukemic cells can
also infiltrate the gingiva/synovial spaces of the joints.
- assessments: CBC (↓ RBCs & platelets), bone marrow
aspirate (20%+ blast cells).
- treatment: complete remission (no residual leukemic cells);
chemotherapy (induction & consolidation).
, advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) - ✔✔a series of life-
sustaining procedures administered in response to major
heart traumas.
- involves specific roles, clear & direct communication.
- includes advanced airway placement and medications.
- stopped when pt regains a pulse or when all options have
been exhausted.
- meds: epinephrine, amiodarone, lidocaine, atropine,
dopamine, norepinephrine, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium
sulfate.
allergic reaction to blood transfusion - ✔✔blood transfusion
reaction caused by hypersensitivity.
- S/S: skin rash, flushing, urticaria, asthmatic wheezing.
- complications: laryngeal edema, anaphylaxis.
- treatment: stop transfusion.
amiodarone - ✔✔medication that prolongs action potential
and refractory period to help with dysrhythmias.
- indications: v-fib, v-tach.
anemia - ✔✔a deficiency of RBCs, Hgb, or Hct.
- types: iron deficiency, aplastic, folic acid, vitamin B12
(pernicious).
