Test Bank for Community/Public Health Nursing: Promoting the Health of Populations, 8th Edition by Mary A. Nies and Melanie McEwen

TEST BANK FOR COMMUNITY PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING:
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e PROMOTING THE HEALTH OF POPULATIONS; 8TH EDITION BY MARY
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&MELANIE e

,CH01:Health:ACommunityView
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Nies: Community/Public HealthNursing, 8THEdition
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MULTIPLECHOICE e




1. Which bestdescribestheprimaryreason that Americansareconcernedabouthealthcare?
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a. Politiciansarediscussing howtoimprovehealthcare. e




b. Themediahasprovided mixed messagesabouttheprimary care system. e z e e




c. Ournationalprimary care costskeepincreasing. e e




d. Thenewprimary care systemoffers freeservicesto Americans. e e e z




ACCURATE CHOICE:-C e




HYPOTHESIS:>>>Theprimaryreasonforthefocusonprimarycareistheconstantlyincreasin e e e e e e e e e e e e




g costs,whichcannotbesustained.Thecostsofcaringforthesickaccountedforthemajorityofe
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scalatingprimarycaredollars,whichincreased from5.7%ofthegrossdomesticproductin 1965 to
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17.8%in2015.PoliticiansandthemediabothinfluenceAmericans‘perceptionsabouthealth care;
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however,theyarenotthe primaryreasonwhyAmericansareconcerned.Thenewhealthcar e
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systemwillchangetheprimarycareaccessandavailability,butwillnot necessarilybeoffering any
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free services to Americans.
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DIFFICULT: CognitiveLevel:Understand (Comprehension) e z




2. Anursing attendant hasbegunto lobbywithpoliticians forchangestotheprimary care system.
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Whyis thisinvolvement important?
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a. Nursing attendants,ascentralcharactersinseveralpopular TVseries, arecurr e e e e e




NR media.
ently veryvisible inAmerican I e e
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b. Nursing attendantsareprimarilyrespon sib l e foNrmTanagingOthe various unitsin ourhealthcare
U S
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z z z e e e e e e e ze z e z e




system.
c. Nursing attendantsarethelargest segment ofprimary care providers. e e e e z


d. Nursing attendantsaretheonlygroupthat isemployed both inside andoutsideofhealthcenters.
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ACCURATE CHOICE:-C e




HYPOTHESIS:>>>As the largest segment ofprimary care providers, nursing attendants are in e e z z e e e e e z


formed about the current primary care system and all the problems that result frompeople not se eking
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care until they are desperately ill. Nursing attendants, as the American Nursing attendants
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Association (ANA) emphasize, usuallybelieve that primary care is a right, not a privilege. Ther
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efore, nursing attendants, whose work is central toour current primary care delivery system, can also
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be instrumental in working politically to create a primary care deliverysystem that will me et health
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needs. While nursing attendants are in several current TV seriesand areemployed both inside and
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outsideofhealth centers, physicians and otherprimarycareproviders are as well.
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Nursing attendants are oftenmanagers, but managersoften haveother backgrounds, such as business admi
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nistration.
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DIFFICULT: e e CognitiveLevel:Understand (Comprehension) e z




3. What conclusioncanbe drawn fromexamining wherenursing attendants areemployed?
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a. Thereisatrendtowardconsolidationofprimary care intolargecentralmedical c e e e




enters. e




b. Thereis anincreased emphasisoncommunity-basedhealthcare. z e e




c. Thereisanobviousneedtodecreaseprimarycarecostsbycutting positions.
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d. Managedcareorganizations(MCOs) areemploying nursing attendants toimprovecustomer e z e z

, relations.
ACCURATE CHOICE:-B e




HYPOTHESIS:>>>MCOs areemploying nursingattendants in manycapacities. Althoughhea lth z e e e e z e e e




centers are closing and acute careis increasingly found in central medical centers, the same tre
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nd maybe seen inan increase in neighborhood-
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based practice centers. Whilepositionsare cut in most industries, primary care isrecognized as a n
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area where growth in employment is expected. However, nursing attendants are increasinglye
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mployed in communitysettings as opposed to health centers. This change reflects themove towa
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rd community-based care rather than health center-
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based tertiary care. To help decreasethe continued rise in primary care costs, the increased emph
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asis is on disease prevention rather than high-cost treatment.
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DIFFICULT: e e CognitiveLevel:Understand(Comprehension) e e




4. Whichethicalbeliefwould be most helpfulinthecurrent primary care crisis? e e e e e e




a. Emphasisshould beonindividualandcorporationfreedominthe marketplace. e e




b. Emphasisshould beonindividualautonomyand freedomofchoice. e e




c. Emphasisshouldbeonsocialjusticeandcollectiveresponsibility.
d. Emphasisshould beontheeffectiveness oftechnologyin resolvingproblems. e e e z




ACCURATE CHOICE:-C e




HYPOTHESIS:>>>Publichealthrecognizes the necessityofcollective action inkeeping the en e e e e e z e




vironmentsafeandinegalitariantraditionandvision.An overinvestmentintechnologyandseeki
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ng ofcureswithin themarketjusticesystem hasstifledthe evolutionofa health systemtoprotect and
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preservethehealthofthepopulation.Althoughindividualautonomyandfreedom ofchoice are
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important,soistherecognitionofcollectiveresponsibilityinensuringsocialjustice,whiche ntitles
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all people to basic necessities.
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DIFFICULT: CognitiveLevel: Apply(Application) e e




5. What istheprimaryproblemseen in HealthyPeople2020’semphasisonchoosinghealthylife
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e style behaviors, such as dailyexercise or healthy food choices?
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a. Emphasisonotherlifestylechoices,suchasnot smokingand minimaluseof alc e e e e e e e




e ohol or drugs, is also needed. e e e e e




b. Allofusmust worktogetherto makeunhealthybehaviorssociallyunacceptable. e e




c. Itcostsmoretomakehealthychoices,such asbuying andeatingfreshfruitsand veg
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etables as opposed to quick and cheap fast-food choices.
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d. Publicpolicyemphasizespersonalresponsibilitybutignoressocialande e




nvironmental changes needed for well-being.
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ACCURATE CHOICE:-D e




HYPOTHESIS:>>>Althoughallresponsesareaccurate, theprimaryproblemistheemphasis on e z


personalchoicesin the Healthy People 2020 objectives. Emphasis on personal choices ignores th e
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need for community responsibility and action that addresses environmental or cultural restraint s to
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health.
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DIFFICULT: CognitiveLevel: Apply(Application) e e




6. What responsibilitydoestheAmericanNursingattendantsAssociation (ANA)Codeof
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Ethics require ofthe nursing attendant beyond giving excellent care to victims?
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a. Accept longerworkschedulestoensurethat professionalcareisalwaysavailable
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, tohospital clients. z


b. Recognizetheneedforexperiencednursing attendantstomentornewgradua e z


testo helpincrease and expand the number of professionals available.
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c. Support healthlegislationto improveaccessibilityandcostofhealthcare.
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d. Volunteertoworkovertimeasneededtoensuremaximumqualityofcare. e e e e e e




ACCURATE CHOICE:-C e




HYPOTHESIS:>>>The ANACode ofEthics promotessocialreformbyfocusing onhealth poli e e e e e




cyand legislationto positively affect accessibility, quality, and cost of health care. The code doe s not
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directlyaddress workplaceissues, such as work schedulesorneed forovertime.
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DIFFICULT: CognitiveLevel: Analyze(Analysis) e




7. What isthecommunityhealthnursing definitionofhealth?
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a. Healthisaperson‘sgoal-directedpurposefulprocesstowardwell- e




e beingorwholeness. e




b. Health isanindividual‘sphysical,mental,andsocialwell-
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e being, notmerelythe absence of disease or infirmity.
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c. Health isthe mutualadaptationbetween apersonand hisorher environment in me
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eting dailyexistence.
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d. Health is familiesandaggregateschoosingactions toensuresafetyand well-being.
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ACCURATE CHOICE:-D e




HYPOTHESIS:>>>Thetextstresses thathealthisnot justtheresultofanindividual‘schoices, but z e e e e e




choices andactions ofindividuals,families, groups, and communitiesthatlead tobetterhealth.
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DIFFICULT: CognitiveLevel: Apply(Application) e e




8. Howdoescommunityhealth nity? z


a. Agroupofpersons livingwithinspecific geographic boundaries z e e




b. Agroupofpersons who shareacommon identityand environment z e e e




c. Agroupofpersonswho worktogetherto meet common goals e e e z


d. Agroupofpersonswho resolveacommunityconcern e e e e




ACCURATE CHOICE:-B e




HYPOTHESIS:>>>Communityhealth nursing attendants work with both geopolitical groups e e e e e e e




(within specific geographic boundaries) and phenomenological groups (who have a common id
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entitybased onculture, history, or goals). Aparticular phenomenological groupmayormaynot h
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avebeen aplannedgroup—
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that is,agroupthatcametogethertoresolvearecognized commonproblemortomeetacommon goal.
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However,ofallthechoices,agroupofpersonswhoshareacommonidentity(phenomenol ogical
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group)andenvironment(whichimpliesaspecificgeographicsetting)isthebroadestand most
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complete definition.
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DIFFICULT: CognitiveLevel: Apply(Application) e e




9. Which variable hasa major influenceonacommunity‘s health?
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a. Behaviorchoices madebypersons inthecommunity e e e e




b. Numberofprimarycareproviders and healthcenters inthecommunity e e e e e e




c. Qualityofthepublicsafetyofficers(policeofficers, firefighters, etc.) e e




d. Thenumberandcredentialsofpublic healthofficials inthecommunity e e e z e




ACCURATE CHOICE:-A e