PRITE Psychopharmacology Questions and
Answers
The biochemistry of anxiety (4 total) and identify if excitatory/inhibitory - ✅✅Locus Coeruleus NE
System (excitatory); HPA Axis (excitatory); 5HT Depletion (inhibitory); GABA-BZD Receptor Complex
(inhibitory)
The Locus Coeruleus NE System begins in the ___, travels to the ___, and ends in the ___. -
✅✅hypothalamus; locus coeruleus; amygdala
The LC is in the ___ (seat of emotionality). It's job is to ___ and modulate ___. - ✅✅limbic system;
synthesize/produce/create NE; vigilance, attention, and fear
The ___ releases a hormone that stimulates the LC, causing it to release ___. It will then bind to
receptors in the ___. - ✅✅hypothalamus; NE; amygdala
In someone with PTSD, it requires ___ intense stimuli to get this pathway to fire. - ✅✅less
The HPA Axis (aka Axis of Evil) is a ___ pathways. - ✅✅neuroendocrine
Within the HPA Axis, front the adrenal gland there is an excess of ___ and ___. - ✅✅EPI (85%); NE
(15%)
Chronic release of NE and EPI causes ___. - ✅✅inappropriate excitation
Not enough ___ results in anxiety. ___% of clinical cases of depression present with anxiety. -
✅✅5HT; 90
___ is the predominant inhibitor NT in the CNS. It produces ___. - ✅✅GABA; inhibition
,GABA is broken down by ___. - ✅✅GABA transferase
When GABA is released into the cleft, it binds to a GABA receptor and opens the ___ channel. -
✅✅chloride
The GABA receptor of the cell has a closed channel in the middle and it is only there for ___. -
✅✅chloride (Cl-)
When GABA comes and binds to the receptor, it opens the Cl- channel, making the cell more ___. It is
lowering the voltage and ___. - ✅✅negative; calming it down
Benzos are ___ in overdose. - ✅✅safer
Benzos open the channel by controlling the amount of ___ coming in by increasing the frequency of the
channel. - ✅✅negativity
Barbituates are dangerous because they ___. This results in an excess of negative charge which will
result in ___ and possible suicide. - ✅✅leave the Cl- channel open; cell death
What is the difference between benzodiazepines and barbiturates? - ✅✅Benzos increase the
frequency of the Cl- channel opening through controlling it, while barbiturates leave the Cl- channel
open.
___ also opens the Cl-channel and hyperpolarizes all the cells. - ✅✅Alcohol
Balance will becoming impaired after ingesting alcohol due to ___. The individual becomes so mellow
that they cannot ___. - ✅✅the cerebellum becoming hyper polarized; coordinate
The ___ is responsible for judgement and inhibition. When you ingest too much alcohol, it is ___. -
✅✅prefrontal cortex; hyperpolarized
, The ___ is responsible for memories. When it is hyperpolarized as a result of ETOH ingestion, memories
are not sent to ___. - ✅✅hippocampus; long-term memory
To reduce anxiety, medication with ___ is best. - ✅✅GABA
What is the most inhibitory NT in the CNS? - ✅✅GABA
GABA does not allow ___. - ✅✅things to bind
What are some pathophysiological understandings of anxiety? - ✅✅cardiac arrhythmias; mitral valve
prolapse; COPDl phetochromocytoma; pernicious anemia
___ is abnormal beating of the heart, which is associated with a high rate of anxiety. - ✅✅cardiac
arrhymias
___ is a heart murmur. It is highly associated with panic attacks. - ✅✅mitral valve prolapse
The heart has flaps/valves that open when they need to push ___ through. In a mitral valve prolapse,
the valve does not ___, causing the ___ to go back into the system- like a regurgitation. - ✅✅blood;
close all the way; oxygen
This diseases of exhalation (cannot get air out) is associated with high rates of anxiety. ___ -
✅✅coronary obstructory pulmonary disease (COPD)
Individuals with COPD have high rates of anxiety because they tend to be prescribed ___. -
✅✅steroids
Phetochromocytoma is ___. - ✅✅a tumor of adrenal gland
The ___ and the ___ make up the adrenal gland. When there is a tumor here, the ___ is affected and
secretes too much ___, resulting in ___. - ✅✅medulla; cortex; cortex; cortisol; anxiety
Answers
The biochemistry of anxiety (4 total) and identify if excitatory/inhibitory - ✅✅Locus Coeruleus NE
System (excitatory); HPA Axis (excitatory); 5HT Depletion (inhibitory); GABA-BZD Receptor Complex
(inhibitory)
The Locus Coeruleus NE System begins in the ___, travels to the ___, and ends in the ___. -
✅✅hypothalamus; locus coeruleus; amygdala
The LC is in the ___ (seat of emotionality). It's job is to ___ and modulate ___. - ✅✅limbic system;
synthesize/produce/create NE; vigilance, attention, and fear
The ___ releases a hormone that stimulates the LC, causing it to release ___. It will then bind to
receptors in the ___. - ✅✅hypothalamus; NE; amygdala
In someone with PTSD, it requires ___ intense stimuli to get this pathway to fire. - ✅✅less
The HPA Axis (aka Axis of Evil) is a ___ pathways. - ✅✅neuroendocrine
Within the HPA Axis, front the adrenal gland there is an excess of ___ and ___. - ✅✅EPI (85%); NE
(15%)
Chronic release of NE and EPI causes ___. - ✅✅inappropriate excitation
Not enough ___ results in anxiety. ___% of clinical cases of depression present with anxiety. -
✅✅5HT; 90
___ is the predominant inhibitor NT in the CNS. It produces ___. - ✅✅GABA; inhibition
,GABA is broken down by ___. - ✅✅GABA transferase
When GABA is released into the cleft, it binds to a GABA receptor and opens the ___ channel. -
✅✅chloride
The GABA receptor of the cell has a closed channel in the middle and it is only there for ___. -
✅✅chloride (Cl-)
When GABA comes and binds to the receptor, it opens the Cl- channel, making the cell more ___. It is
lowering the voltage and ___. - ✅✅negative; calming it down
Benzos are ___ in overdose. - ✅✅safer
Benzos open the channel by controlling the amount of ___ coming in by increasing the frequency of the
channel. - ✅✅negativity
Barbituates are dangerous because they ___. This results in an excess of negative charge which will
result in ___ and possible suicide. - ✅✅leave the Cl- channel open; cell death
What is the difference between benzodiazepines and barbiturates? - ✅✅Benzos increase the
frequency of the Cl- channel opening through controlling it, while barbiturates leave the Cl- channel
open.
___ also opens the Cl-channel and hyperpolarizes all the cells. - ✅✅Alcohol
Balance will becoming impaired after ingesting alcohol due to ___. The individual becomes so mellow
that they cannot ___. - ✅✅the cerebellum becoming hyper polarized; coordinate
The ___ is responsible for judgement and inhibition. When you ingest too much alcohol, it is ___. -
✅✅prefrontal cortex; hyperpolarized
, The ___ is responsible for memories. When it is hyperpolarized as a result of ETOH ingestion, memories
are not sent to ___. - ✅✅hippocampus; long-term memory
To reduce anxiety, medication with ___ is best. - ✅✅GABA
What is the most inhibitory NT in the CNS? - ✅✅GABA
GABA does not allow ___. - ✅✅things to bind
What are some pathophysiological understandings of anxiety? - ✅✅cardiac arrhythmias; mitral valve
prolapse; COPDl phetochromocytoma; pernicious anemia
___ is abnormal beating of the heart, which is associated with a high rate of anxiety. - ✅✅cardiac
arrhymias
___ is a heart murmur. It is highly associated with panic attacks. - ✅✅mitral valve prolapse
The heart has flaps/valves that open when they need to push ___ through. In a mitral valve prolapse,
the valve does not ___, causing the ___ to go back into the system- like a regurgitation. - ✅✅blood;
close all the way; oxygen
This diseases of exhalation (cannot get air out) is associated with high rates of anxiety. ___ -
✅✅coronary obstructory pulmonary disease (COPD)
Individuals with COPD have high rates of anxiety because they tend to be prescribed ___. -
✅✅steroids
Phetochromocytoma is ___. - ✅✅a tumor of adrenal gland
The ___ and the ___ make up the adrenal gland. When there is a tumor here, the ___ is affected and
secretes too much ___, resulting in ___. - ✅✅medulla; cortex; cortex; cortisol; anxiety
