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NSG5003 EXAM (2025/2026) Updated:
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
ANSWERS | GET IT RIGHT!!
In the mouth and stomach, salivary α-amylase initiates the digestion of which
nutrients? a. Proteins c. Fats b. Carbohydrates d. Fiber - (answers)B: cabohydrates
Salivary α-amylase is an enzyme that initiates only carbohydrate digestion in the
mouth and stomach
Which elements in saliva protect against tooth decay? a. Salivary α-amylase and
ptyalin b. Secretin and IgA c. Endogenous enamelin and salivary β-amylase d.
Exogenous fluoride and a pH of 7.4 - (answers)D: exogenous fluoride pH 7.4
The bicarbonate concentration of saliva sustains a pH of approximately 7.4, which
neutralizes bacterial acids and prevents tooth decay. Exogenous fluoride (e.g.,
fluoride in drinking water) is absorbed and then secreted in the saliva, providing
additional protection against tooth decay. Decay prevention is not associated
with any of the other options.
Saliva contains which immunoglobulin (Ig)? a. IgA c. IgG b. IgE d. IgM - (answers)A:
IgA
Saliva contains only IgA, which helps prevent infection.
What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with a
drug such as atropine? a. Salivation becomes thinner. c. The pH of saliva changes.
b. Salivation decreases. d. Digestive enzymes are inhibited. - (answers)b:
salivation decreases
, 2
The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system
control salivation. Because cholinergic parasympathetic fibers stimulate the
salivary glands, atropine (an anticholinergic agent) inhibits salivation and makes
the mouth dry. None of the other options is a result of drugs such as atropine.
Food enters the stomach via which sphincter? a. Cardiac c. Gastric b. Upper
esophageal d. Fundal - (answers)A: cardiac
Each end of the esophagus is opened and closed by a sphincter. The upper
esophageal sphincter (cricopharyngeal muscle) prevents entry of air into the
esophagus during respiration. The lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)
prevents regurgitation from the stomach. The lower esophageal sphincter is
located near the esophageal hiatus—the opening in the diaphragm where the
esophagus ends at the stomach. The cardiac sphincter is the only option that
fulfills the function described in the question.
Which gastric cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor? a. Parietal c. G b.
Chief d. H - (answers)A: Parietal
Of the available options, only the parietal cells (oxyntic cells) secrete hydrochloric
acid and intrinsic factor.
Which cells in the stomach secrete histamine? a. Oxyntic c. D b. Chief d.
Enterochromaffin-like - (answers)D: Enterochromaffin-like
Of the available options, only enterochromaffin-like cells secrete histamine.
The presence of chyme in the duodenum stimulates which hormones? a. Motilin
and histamine b. Secretin and cholecystokinin c. Enteroglucagon and gastric
NSG5003 EXAM (2025/2026) Updated:
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
ANSWERS | GET IT RIGHT!!
In the mouth and stomach, salivary α-amylase initiates the digestion of which
nutrients? a. Proteins c. Fats b. Carbohydrates d. Fiber - (answers)B: cabohydrates
Salivary α-amylase is an enzyme that initiates only carbohydrate digestion in the
mouth and stomach
Which elements in saliva protect against tooth decay? a. Salivary α-amylase and
ptyalin b. Secretin and IgA c. Endogenous enamelin and salivary β-amylase d.
Exogenous fluoride and a pH of 7.4 - (answers)D: exogenous fluoride pH 7.4
The bicarbonate concentration of saliva sustains a pH of approximately 7.4, which
neutralizes bacterial acids and prevents tooth decay. Exogenous fluoride (e.g.,
fluoride in drinking water) is absorbed and then secreted in the saliva, providing
additional protection against tooth decay. Decay prevention is not associated
with any of the other options.
Saliva contains which immunoglobulin (Ig)? a. IgA c. IgG b. IgE d. IgM - (answers)A:
IgA
Saliva contains only IgA, which helps prevent infection.
What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with a
drug such as atropine? a. Salivation becomes thinner. c. The pH of saliva changes.
b. Salivation decreases. d. Digestive enzymes are inhibited. - (answers)b:
salivation decreases
, 2
The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system
control salivation. Because cholinergic parasympathetic fibers stimulate the
salivary glands, atropine (an anticholinergic agent) inhibits salivation and makes
the mouth dry. None of the other options is a result of drugs such as atropine.
Food enters the stomach via which sphincter? a. Cardiac c. Gastric b. Upper
esophageal d. Fundal - (answers)A: cardiac
Each end of the esophagus is opened and closed by a sphincter. The upper
esophageal sphincter (cricopharyngeal muscle) prevents entry of air into the
esophagus during respiration. The lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)
prevents regurgitation from the stomach. The lower esophageal sphincter is
located near the esophageal hiatus—the opening in the diaphragm where the
esophagus ends at the stomach. The cardiac sphincter is the only option that
fulfills the function described in the question.
Which gastric cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor? a. Parietal c. G b.
Chief d. H - (answers)A: Parietal
Of the available options, only the parietal cells (oxyntic cells) secrete hydrochloric
acid and intrinsic factor.
Which cells in the stomach secrete histamine? a. Oxyntic c. D b. Chief d.
Enterochromaffin-like - (answers)D: Enterochromaffin-like
Of the available options, only enterochromaffin-like cells secrete histamine.
The presence of chyme in the duodenum stimulates which hormones? a. Motilin
and histamine b. Secretin and cholecystokinin c. Enteroglucagon and gastric
