ATR 257 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What should be checked when assessing circulation - Answer- assess pulse, carotid
pulse at neck, 6-10 seconds
What should be checked when assessing airway - Answer- open the airway, modified
jaw thrust, life lower jaw while keeping the neck still
What should be checked when assessing breathing - Answer- look to see if chest rises,
listen for breathing in & out, feel for breath on your cheek, 6-10 seconds
Determine presence of bleeding or shock - Answer- internal and external bleeding,
signs of shock
Internal bleeding - Answer- difficult to establish with naked eye, may look like swelling,
may be undetectable
External bleeding - Answer- major bleeding from chest, abdomen & extremities
Assessing shock - Answer- several different types of shock (primarily concerned with
hypovolemic shock), less blood is available to the tissues (cells deprived of oxygen,
widespread tissue death)
Signs of shock - Answer- cool/clammy skin, weak/rapid pulse, increased respiration
rate, decreased blood pressure
Life-threatening emergencies may require ____ or _____ if LOC & CAB indicate the
need - Answer- cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or automated external defibrillator
(AED)
What determines limb-threatening injuries? - Answer- major bleeding, loss of distal
pulse, loss of distal sensation
On the field examinations (2 types) - Answer- primary and secondary surveys
Primary survey - Answer- done to first identify immediately life-threatening situations
What is examined for primary survey - Answer- unconscious, airway obstruction, not
breathing, no circulation, profuse bleeding
, Secondary survey - Answer- helps establish the nature of the injury in more detail, is the
situation potentially life-threatening
determine level of consciousness (LOC) - Answer- APVU (patient is Alert, responds to
Verbal stimulus, responds to Painful stimulus, patient is unresponsive (not responding
to both verbal or painful))
determine CAB - Answer- circulation, airway, breathing
what is examined for secondary survey - Answer- vital signs, other 'emergency' signs,
head-to-toe evaluation, SAMPLE history
assessing vital signs includes: - Answer- pulse, blood pressure, respiration
normal resting rate for pulse - Answer- 60-100 bpm
normal resting rate for respiration - Answer- 12-14 per minute
normal resting BP - Answer- 120/80
assessing pulse - Answer- carotid, rate is 30-60 seconds, don't use thumb, pulse
increases during activity, well-conditioned athletes may have lower resting pulses, also
distal to the injury
assessing respiration - Answer- put hand on back to feel chest rise & fall, rate is 30-60
seconds, respirations increase during activity
assessing BP - Answer- use blood pressure cuff on right arm, BP increases during
activity, 130/90 is typical cutoff for high blood pressure (either number can be regulated)
elevated pulse rate, respiration rate, and low blood pressure is concern for? - Answer-
shock
assessing pupil response - Answer- pupils should be equal, round, and reactive to light
(PERRL), R & L pupils should be round, the same size, and should respond in the same
way to light (dilate in darkness, constrict in light)
assessing eye movement - Answer- should be able to smoothly follow an object in all
directions (side to side, up and down, and diagonal) with both eyes
assessing peripheral vision - Answer- should be able to see an object in the same
position on either side of the body without moving head or eyes
assessing skin color - Answer- color should be consistent, red indicated active
inflammation and blue & white both indicate lack of blood supply
AND ANSWERS
What should be checked when assessing circulation - Answer- assess pulse, carotid
pulse at neck, 6-10 seconds
What should be checked when assessing airway - Answer- open the airway, modified
jaw thrust, life lower jaw while keeping the neck still
What should be checked when assessing breathing - Answer- look to see if chest rises,
listen for breathing in & out, feel for breath on your cheek, 6-10 seconds
Determine presence of bleeding or shock - Answer- internal and external bleeding,
signs of shock
Internal bleeding - Answer- difficult to establish with naked eye, may look like swelling,
may be undetectable
External bleeding - Answer- major bleeding from chest, abdomen & extremities
Assessing shock - Answer- several different types of shock (primarily concerned with
hypovolemic shock), less blood is available to the tissues (cells deprived of oxygen,
widespread tissue death)
Signs of shock - Answer- cool/clammy skin, weak/rapid pulse, increased respiration
rate, decreased blood pressure
Life-threatening emergencies may require ____ or _____ if LOC & CAB indicate the
need - Answer- cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or automated external defibrillator
(AED)
What determines limb-threatening injuries? - Answer- major bleeding, loss of distal
pulse, loss of distal sensation
On the field examinations (2 types) - Answer- primary and secondary surveys
Primary survey - Answer- done to first identify immediately life-threatening situations
What is examined for primary survey - Answer- unconscious, airway obstruction, not
breathing, no circulation, profuse bleeding
, Secondary survey - Answer- helps establish the nature of the injury in more detail, is the
situation potentially life-threatening
determine level of consciousness (LOC) - Answer- APVU (patient is Alert, responds to
Verbal stimulus, responds to Painful stimulus, patient is unresponsive (not responding
to both verbal or painful))
determine CAB - Answer- circulation, airway, breathing
what is examined for secondary survey - Answer- vital signs, other 'emergency' signs,
head-to-toe evaluation, SAMPLE history
assessing vital signs includes: - Answer- pulse, blood pressure, respiration
normal resting rate for pulse - Answer- 60-100 bpm
normal resting rate for respiration - Answer- 12-14 per minute
normal resting BP - Answer- 120/80
assessing pulse - Answer- carotid, rate is 30-60 seconds, don't use thumb, pulse
increases during activity, well-conditioned athletes may have lower resting pulses, also
distal to the injury
assessing respiration - Answer- put hand on back to feel chest rise & fall, rate is 30-60
seconds, respirations increase during activity
assessing BP - Answer- use blood pressure cuff on right arm, BP increases during
activity, 130/90 is typical cutoff for high blood pressure (either number can be regulated)
elevated pulse rate, respiration rate, and low blood pressure is concern for? - Answer-
shock
assessing pupil response - Answer- pupils should be equal, round, and reactive to light
(PERRL), R & L pupils should be round, the same size, and should respond in the same
way to light (dilate in darkness, constrict in light)
assessing eye movement - Answer- should be able to smoothly follow an object in all
directions (side to side, up and down, and diagonal) with both eyes
assessing peripheral vision - Answer- should be able to see an object in the same
position on either side of the body without moving head or eyes
assessing skin color - Answer- color should be consistent, red indicated active
inflammation and blue & white both indicate lack of blood supply
