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science of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data ✔Correct Answer-statistics
process to collect good data, analyze properly, and make correct conclusions
-what are they? ✔Correct Answer-six step method
1. ask a research question
2. design a study and collect data
3. explore the data
4. draw inferences beyond the data
5. formulate conclusions
6. look back and look ahead
4 pillars of inference? ✔Correct Answer-significance, generalization, estimation, and causation
pillar of inference; how strong is the evidence of an effect? ✔Correct Answer-significance
pillar of inference; how broadly do the conclusions apply? ✔Correct Answer-generalization
pillar of inference; what is the size of the effect? ✔Correct Answer-estimation
pillar of inference; what led to the effect? ✔Correct Answer-causation
values measured or categories recorded on individual entities of interest ✔Correct Answer-data
individual entities of interest; what we're looking at ✔Correct Answer-observational units
characteristics recorded from observational units
-2 kinds? ✔Correct Answer-variables
-quantitative and categorical
variable whose outcomes/values are recorded on a numerical scale ✔Correct Answer-quantitative
variable
variable whose outcomes are grouping designations ✔Correct Answer-categorical variable
describes the pattern of outcomes of variables ✔Correct Answer-distribution
4 factors affecting distribution? ✔Correct Answer-shape, center, variability, and outliers
factor affecting distribution; symmetric? mound? peaks or clusters? ✔Correct Answer-shape
factor affecting distribution; typical value? ✔Correct Answer-center
factor affecting distribution; spread out? within a certain range? ✔Correct Answer-variability