Catalysis - ANSWER Increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a catalyst
Centromere - ANSWER The part of a chromosome that connects sister chromatids
Chiasmata - ANSWER The points where homogenous chromosomes swap genes
in crossing over.
Dipeptide - ANSWER 2 amino acids linked by a peptide bond
Enzyme - ANSWER A biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of a reaction by
lowering its activation energy
Eukaryote ( yoo-kar-ri-ote) - ANSWER An organism whose cells contain a nucleus
and other organelles enclosed by membranes
Homologous chromosomes - ANSWER A pair of chromosomes , one maternal (
from the mother) and one paternal (from the father)
Homologous features - ANSWER Features which have evolved from the same
original structure but have different functions
hydrolysis reaction - ANSWER A reaction in which water is chemically inserted in
order to break a bond
Hypertonic - ANSWER A solution with a lower water potential
Hypotonic - ANSWER A solution with a higher water potential
Immobilised enzyme - ANSWER An enzyme that is fixed to an inert support or
trapped in a matrix
Inhibitors - ANSWER Molecules that reduce the ability of an enzyme to speed up a
reaction
Isotonic - ANSWER Solutions that have equal water potential
Monomer - ANSWER A single molecule that is the repeating unit of a polymer
Nucleic acids - ANSWER Polymers of nucleotides eg DNA and RNA.
, Peptide bond - ANSWER A bond between the carbon of one amino acid and the
nitrogen of another
Polar molecule - ANSWER A molecule that has an uneven distribution of charge
Polymer - ANSWER A large molecule made up of repeating units called monomers
Polypeptide - ANSWER 3 or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Polysaccharide - ANSWER 3 or more monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic
bonds
Prokaryote - ANSWER A single-celled organism that has no nuclear membrane or
any other membrane-bound organelle
Species - ANSWER Organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
Triglyceride - ANSWER 3 fatty acids joined to glycerol by ester bonds
Ester bond - ANSWER An ester bond forms when a hydroxyl (-OH) group from the
glycerol bonds with the carboxyl (-COOH) group of the fatty acid
innate immune system - ANSWER a group of natural barriers that resist infection in
several ways
skin flora - ANSWER many microbiota including bacteria and fungus that colonise
the skin
inflammation - ANSWER localised physical condition in which part of the body
becomes reddened, swollen, hot and painful as a reaction to injury or infection
Phagoctyes - ANSWER cells that allow lysosomes to fuse with the vesicles that
contain the ingested bacteria and viruses
lysozyme - ANSWER an enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that destroys
the cell walls of certain bacteria
adaptive immune response - ANSWER mediated by the humoral and cell-mediated
responses, specific to an antigen, by producing antibodies
humoral response - ANSWER production of antibodies by B cells
Centromere - ANSWER The part of a chromosome that connects sister chromatids
Chiasmata - ANSWER The points where homogenous chromosomes swap genes
in crossing over.
Dipeptide - ANSWER 2 amino acids linked by a peptide bond
Enzyme - ANSWER A biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of a reaction by
lowering its activation energy
Eukaryote ( yoo-kar-ri-ote) - ANSWER An organism whose cells contain a nucleus
and other organelles enclosed by membranes
Homologous chromosomes - ANSWER A pair of chromosomes , one maternal (
from the mother) and one paternal (from the father)
Homologous features - ANSWER Features which have evolved from the same
original structure but have different functions
hydrolysis reaction - ANSWER A reaction in which water is chemically inserted in
order to break a bond
Hypertonic - ANSWER A solution with a lower water potential
Hypotonic - ANSWER A solution with a higher water potential
Immobilised enzyme - ANSWER An enzyme that is fixed to an inert support or
trapped in a matrix
Inhibitors - ANSWER Molecules that reduce the ability of an enzyme to speed up a
reaction
Isotonic - ANSWER Solutions that have equal water potential
Monomer - ANSWER A single molecule that is the repeating unit of a polymer
Nucleic acids - ANSWER Polymers of nucleotides eg DNA and RNA.
, Peptide bond - ANSWER A bond between the carbon of one amino acid and the
nitrogen of another
Polar molecule - ANSWER A molecule that has an uneven distribution of charge
Polymer - ANSWER A large molecule made up of repeating units called monomers
Polypeptide - ANSWER 3 or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Polysaccharide - ANSWER 3 or more monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic
bonds
Prokaryote - ANSWER A single-celled organism that has no nuclear membrane or
any other membrane-bound organelle
Species - ANSWER Organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
Triglyceride - ANSWER 3 fatty acids joined to glycerol by ester bonds
Ester bond - ANSWER An ester bond forms when a hydroxyl (-OH) group from the
glycerol bonds with the carboxyl (-COOH) group of the fatty acid
innate immune system - ANSWER a group of natural barriers that resist infection in
several ways
skin flora - ANSWER many microbiota including bacteria and fungus that colonise
the skin
inflammation - ANSWER localised physical condition in which part of the body
becomes reddened, swollen, hot and painful as a reaction to injury or infection
Phagoctyes - ANSWER cells that allow lysosomes to fuse with the vesicles that
contain the ingested bacteria and viruses
lysozyme - ANSWER an enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that destroys
the cell walls of certain bacteria
adaptive immune response - ANSWER mediated by the humoral and cell-mediated
responses, specific to an antigen, by producing antibodies
humoral response - ANSWER production of antibodies by B cells
