4 most important of the 25 elements used to build living things - ANSWER - oxygen
- carbon
- hydrogen
- nitrogen
Organic Molecule - ANSWER A molecule that contains carbon in association with
hydrogen e.g Glucose (C6H12O6)
Monomer - ANSWER A chain of individual molecules
Polymer - ANSWER A large, complex molecule made from a large number of
monomers joined together by covalent bonds in a repeating pattern
Inorganic Ions - ANSWER Inorganic elements or molecules that are important in
large amounts to keep the body healthy e.g. calcium. Called macronutrients
(apparently)
Function of magnesium in living things - ANSWER In plants - An important
component of chlorophyll and therefore essential for photosynthesis
In both - Acts as a ENZYME CO FACTOR and is used to activate many enzymes
Function of iron in living things - ANSWER In animals - A component of
haemoglobin which is important in the transport of oxygen by red blood cells
In both - Acts as a ENZYME CO FACTOR and is used to activate many enzymes
Function of phosphate in living things - ANSWER In both - used for making nucleic
acids DNA & RNA and the nucleotide ATP
- They are a constituent part of the phospholipids making up cell membranes
In animals - As calcium phosphate which is an important structural component of
bone and teeth to increase their strength
Function of calcium in living things - ANSWER In animals - As calcium phosphate
which is an important structural component of bone and teeth to increase their
strength
In plants - Used in cell walls to provide strength
Dipolar molecules - ANSWER A water molecule that has two distinct poles: a
partially negative (δ-) region and a partially positive (δ+) region, due to an unequal
sharing of electrons within its bond
The attractive force between water molecules - ANSWER Hydrogen bonds
, The 5 properties of water that make it biologically important - ANSWER 1. Solvent
properties
2. High latent heat of vaporisation (thermal)
3. High specific heat capacity (thermal)
4. Density
5. High surface tension cohesion
What is water also known as - ANSWER universal solvent
Water use in transporting in living thing (4) - ANSWER - Blood transporting
substances e.g. nutrients, oxygen and glucose
- Urine transports urea out of the body
- Xylem transports minerals up the stem
- Phloem transports sugars
Why does water have a high latent heat of vaporisation - ANSWER A lot of energy
is needed to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules to change state
from liquid water to water vapour. This is due to the hydrogen bonds reforming after
each break.
Biological importance of high latent heat of vaporisation - ANSWER - Heat energy
sent to skin for sweating to cool down
- Plants transpire which means they evaporate the water out from spongy mesophyll
cells to cool down
Specific heat capacity - ANSWER Amount of energy needed to raise the
temperature of 1kg of water by 1*C
Biological importance of a high specific heat capacity in water - ANSWER - Allows
organisms to maintain a stable temperature
- Large bodies of water like the sea can remain thermostable for aquatic organisms
Parts of an animal cell (that we highlighted) (11) - ANSWER - Lysosomes
- Free ribosomes
- Nucleus
- Mitochondrion
- Cytoplasm
- Plasmalemma (cell membrane)
- Golgi apparatus
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- Centrioles
- Microvilli
- carbon
- hydrogen
- nitrogen
Organic Molecule - ANSWER A molecule that contains carbon in association with
hydrogen e.g Glucose (C6H12O6)
Monomer - ANSWER A chain of individual molecules
Polymer - ANSWER A large, complex molecule made from a large number of
monomers joined together by covalent bonds in a repeating pattern
Inorganic Ions - ANSWER Inorganic elements or molecules that are important in
large amounts to keep the body healthy e.g. calcium. Called macronutrients
(apparently)
Function of magnesium in living things - ANSWER In plants - An important
component of chlorophyll and therefore essential for photosynthesis
In both - Acts as a ENZYME CO FACTOR and is used to activate many enzymes
Function of iron in living things - ANSWER In animals - A component of
haemoglobin which is important in the transport of oxygen by red blood cells
In both - Acts as a ENZYME CO FACTOR and is used to activate many enzymes
Function of phosphate in living things - ANSWER In both - used for making nucleic
acids DNA & RNA and the nucleotide ATP
- They are a constituent part of the phospholipids making up cell membranes
In animals - As calcium phosphate which is an important structural component of
bone and teeth to increase their strength
Function of calcium in living things - ANSWER In animals - As calcium phosphate
which is an important structural component of bone and teeth to increase their
strength
In plants - Used in cell walls to provide strength
Dipolar molecules - ANSWER A water molecule that has two distinct poles: a
partially negative (δ-) region and a partially positive (δ+) region, due to an unequal
sharing of electrons within its bond
The attractive force between water molecules - ANSWER Hydrogen bonds
, The 5 properties of water that make it biologically important - ANSWER 1. Solvent
properties
2. High latent heat of vaporisation (thermal)
3. High specific heat capacity (thermal)
4. Density
5. High surface tension cohesion
What is water also known as - ANSWER universal solvent
Water use in transporting in living thing (4) - ANSWER - Blood transporting
substances e.g. nutrients, oxygen and glucose
- Urine transports urea out of the body
- Xylem transports minerals up the stem
- Phloem transports sugars
Why does water have a high latent heat of vaporisation - ANSWER A lot of energy
is needed to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules to change state
from liquid water to water vapour. This is due to the hydrogen bonds reforming after
each break.
Biological importance of high latent heat of vaporisation - ANSWER - Heat energy
sent to skin for sweating to cool down
- Plants transpire which means they evaporate the water out from spongy mesophyll
cells to cool down
Specific heat capacity - ANSWER Amount of energy needed to raise the
temperature of 1kg of water by 1*C
Biological importance of a high specific heat capacity in water - ANSWER - Allows
organisms to maintain a stable temperature
- Large bodies of water like the sea can remain thermostable for aquatic organisms
Parts of an animal cell (that we highlighted) (11) - ANSWER - Lysosomes
- Free ribosomes
- Nucleus
- Mitochondrion
- Cytoplasm
- Plasmalemma (cell membrane)
- Golgi apparatus
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- Centrioles
- Microvilli
