TEST BANK for Microbiology An Evolving Science, 3rd Edition, John Foster & Joan Slonczewski

,
,CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
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1. Viruses are: m




a. infectious agents that infect multi-cellular organisms
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b. noncellular particles that take over the metabolism of a cell to generate m
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ore virus particles
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c. pathogens that replicate in complex growth media m m m m m m




d. cellular particles that belong to the archaea domain
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e. microbes that consist of lipid membrane enclosed genomes
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ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A | I.B m m m




MSC: Remembering
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2. Analysis of DNA sequences reveals:
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a. the ancient convergence of two cell types, i.e., prokaryotes and eu
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karyotes
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b. prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a common ancestral cell m m m m m m m m




c. that bacteria share common ancestor with archaea, but not with eu
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karya
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d. prokaryotes are cells with a nucleus m m m m m




e. the genome of Haemophilus influenzae has about 2 billion base pair s
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ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A | I.B m m m




MSC: Remembering
m




3. Which of these groups are considered to be microbes but NOT considered to be cells?
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a. viruses d. protists m m




b. bacteria e. filamentous fungi m




c. archaea
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A.i m




MSC: Remembering
m




4. A microbe is commonly defined as:
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a. a virus that requires a microscope to be seen
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b. a bacterium that requires a microscope to be seen
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c. a single-
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cellular prokaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
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d. a multicellular eukaryote that requires a microscope to be
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seen
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e. a living organism that requires a microscope to be seen
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ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii m m m




MSC: Remembering
m




5. Which one of the following statements regarding microbial cells is NOT true?
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a. Microbial cells acquire food, gain energy to build themselves, and resp
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ond to
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environmental change. m

, b. Most single- m




celled organisms require a microscope to render them visible, but some
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bacterial cells are large enough to be seen with naked eyes.
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c. Microbes function as individual entities.
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d. Many microbes form complex multicellular assemblages.
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e. Viruses are not considered as microbial cells.
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ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii
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MSC: Remembering
m




6. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
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a. A genome is the total genetic information contained in an organism’s chromosoma l
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DNA.
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b. If a microbe’s genome includes genes for nitrogenase, that microbe probably can
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fix nitrogen.
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c. By comparing DNA sequences of different organisms, we can figure out how closel y
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related they are. m m




d. Fred Sanger developed the first applicable DNA sequencing method.
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e. Fred Sanger completed the sequences of Haemophilus influenzae.
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ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.B m




MSC: Remembering
m




7. The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of:
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a. humans d. prions m m




b. bacteria e. fungi
c. viruses
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.B.i m




MSC: Remembering
m




8. The environment of early Earth may have contained all of the following EXCEPT:
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a. ferrous iron m d. oxygen m m




b. methane e. hydrogen gas m




c. ammonia
ANS: D DIF: Easy
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
m m m II.D
MSC: Remembering
m m




9. The development of the theory of the ―RNA world‖ resulted from the discovery of:
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a. archaea d. ribozymes m m




b. prions e. endosymbionts
c. bacteria
ANS: D DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
m m m II.D
MSC: Remembering
m m




10. Which microbes may resemble those of the earliest life forms?
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a. archaea d. cyanobacteria m m




b. photosynthetic algae e. protists m




c. viruses
ANS: A DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
m m m II.D
MSC: Remembering
m m




11. Early metabolism may have been catalyzed by:
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a. DNA d. amino acids m m m