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ECEN 454: Final Exam Review questions n answers rated A+

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ECEN 454: Final Exam Review questions n answers rated A+

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ECEN 454
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October 11, 2025
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2025/2026
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ECEN 454: Final Exam Review
questions n answers rated A+

What is the ordering of layers in CMOS fabrication? - ANS ✔Body, Diffusion, Thin Oxide



Where does the depletion layer form? - ANS ✔Surrounding the diffusion region



When does nMOS operate in saturation mode? - ANS ✔Vgs > Vt



The diffusion capacitance of a drain node is proportional to what? - ANS ✔Transistor Width



What is an incorrect reason for non-ideal transistor behavior? - ANS ✔Pinch off in saturation



The channel length modulation coefficient: - ANS ✔Increases or decreases ids linearly with Vds



Threshold Voltage: - ANS ✔depends on body effect



What is true about degraded mobility of nMOS transistors in real devices? - ANS ✔It is
geometrically related to Vgs



nMOS pass transistors pull no higher than ___________ - ANS ✔Vdd - Vtn



pMOS pass transistors pull no lower than ____________ - ANS ✔Vtp



nMOS Cutoff - ANS ✔Vin < Vtn

, nMOS Linear - ANS ✔Vin > Vtn, Vout < Vin - Vtn



nMOS Saturated - ANS ✔Vin > Vtn, Vout > Vin - Vtn



pMOS Cutoff - ANS ✔Vin > Vdd + Vtp



pMOS Linear - ANS ✔Vin < Vdd + Vtp, Vout > Vin - Vtp



pMOS Saturated - ANS ✔Vin < Vdd + Vtp, Vout < Vin - Vtp



DC analysis tells us Vout if ___________ is constant - ANS ✔Vin



Transient Analysis tells us Vout(t) if ___________ changes - ANS ✔Vin(t)



___________ is a method that helps find the best circuit topology for a function, the number of
stages of logic that give the least delay, and how wide transistors should be. - ANS ✔Logical
Effort



Transistors are built on a __________. - ANS ✔Silicon Substrate



Silicon is a __________. - ANS ✔Semiconductor



Pure silicon has no free carriers and conducts ___________ - ANS ✔Poorly



Adding dopants increases the ___________ - ANS ✔Conductivity

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