Pathogenic Microbiology Aretakis Lecture Exam ch. 1-5 ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
questions with verified detailed answers ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Define Microorganism - correct answer✔✔small living plant/animal seen only with a
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
microscope
Describe the environmental conditions in which the first microbes lived in - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔moist and warm ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Describe the diversity of microorganisms - correct answer✔✔a microorganism ranges from
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
being a prokaryotic and eukaryotic
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek - correct answer✔✔first person to observe and describe organisms
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
accurately
||\\//||
Francesco Redi - correct answer✔✔(Italy 1668) tested the hypothesis of spontaneous
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
generation with flies on meat- disproved it ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Louis Pasteur - correct answer✔✔began pasteurizing milk to kill bacteria-father of
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
microbiology
John Tyndal - correct answer✔✔showed evidence that some microbes have very high heat
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
resistance and are very difficult to destroy ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Robert Koch - correct answer✔✔developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Christian Gram - correct answer✔✔accidentally discovered dye reactions in 1884 while
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
studying etiology of disease in Berlin ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,Joseph Lister - correct answer✔✔began using disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Frederick Griffith - correct answer✔✔discovered transformations ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Alexander Fleming - correct answer✔✔Creator of penicillin ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
James Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔solved/contributed to the discovery of the structure of DNA (twisted ladder ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
shape)
Describe the theory of Spontaneous Generation - correct answer✔✔(Disproved) theory that
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
bacteria/organisms "spontaneously" appear. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Disproved by Pasteur that if an object is sterilized/not exposed, it will not grow organisms
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Outline how the theory of Spontaneous Generation was disproved - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔(Francesco Redi) determined that maggots/flies do not just "come to life" from ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
meat, but that maggots only form when flies come into contact with meat
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
List the types of organisms encountered in the study of Microbiology - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔Bacteria
Archaea ||\\//||
Eucarya
List 10 important roles of Microorganisms - correct answer✔✔1. Biotechnology
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Bioredemption
||\\//||
3. Bioengineering
||\\//|| ||\\//||
, 4. Genetic Engineering
||\\//|| ||\\//||
5. Medical Microbiology
||\\//|| ||\\//||
6. evolution
||\\//|| ||\\//||
7. waste treatment
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8. air
||\\//|| ||\\//||
9. food
||\\//|| ||\\//||
10. symbolic association
||\\//|| ||\\//||
Distinguish the difference between Emerging Diseases and Re-Emerging Diseases (list ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
examples) - correct answer✔✔Emerging: (new) N1H1 ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Reemerging: (old) small pox/measles ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Explain why Microorganisms are useful model organisms for study - correct answer✔✔gives
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
the ability to examine properties of microbes that may cause disease or lead to possible
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
benefits
List 3 domains and the major characteristics of each - correct answer✔✔1. Bacteria- single
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
celled, primitive nucleus ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. archaea- single celled, primitive nucleus
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. "true membrane" nucleus
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
List/Describe the kinds of Microorganisms in each of the domains - correct answer✔✔1. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
algae
2. fungi
||\\//||
3. protozoa
||\\//||
Demonstrate how to correctly write the scientific name of an organism - correct ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔Genus-> Species-> Strain ||\\//|| ||\\//||
questions with verified detailed answers ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Define Microorganism - correct answer✔✔small living plant/animal seen only with a
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
microscope
Describe the environmental conditions in which the first microbes lived in - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔moist and warm ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Describe the diversity of microorganisms - correct answer✔✔a microorganism ranges from
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
being a prokaryotic and eukaryotic
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek - correct answer✔✔first person to observe and describe organisms
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
accurately
||\\//||
Francesco Redi - correct answer✔✔(Italy 1668) tested the hypothesis of spontaneous
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
generation with flies on meat- disproved it ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Louis Pasteur - correct answer✔✔began pasteurizing milk to kill bacteria-father of
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
microbiology
John Tyndal - correct answer✔✔showed evidence that some microbes have very high heat
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
resistance and are very difficult to destroy ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Robert Koch - correct answer✔✔developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Christian Gram - correct answer✔✔accidentally discovered dye reactions in 1884 while
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
studying etiology of disease in Berlin ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,Joseph Lister - correct answer✔✔began using disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Frederick Griffith - correct answer✔✔discovered transformations ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Alexander Fleming - correct answer✔✔Creator of penicillin ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
James Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔solved/contributed to the discovery of the structure of DNA (twisted ladder ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
shape)
Describe the theory of Spontaneous Generation - correct answer✔✔(Disproved) theory that
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
bacteria/organisms "spontaneously" appear. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Disproved by Pasteur that if an object is sterilized/not exposed, it will not grow organisms
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Outline how the theory of Spontaneous Generation was disproved - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔(Francesco Redi) determined that maggots/flies do not just "come to life" from ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
meat, but that maggots only form when flies come into contact with meat
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
List the types of organisms encountered in the study of Microbiology - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔Bacteria
Archaea ||\\//||
Eucarya
List 10 important roles of Microorganisms - correct answer✔✔1. Biotechnology
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Bioredemption
||\\//||
3. Bioengineering
||\\//|| ||\\//||
, 4. Genetic Engineering
||\\//|| ||\\//||
5. Medical Microbiology
||\\//|| ||\\//||
6. evolution
||\\//|| ||\\//||
7. waste treatment
||\\//|| ||\\//||
8. air
||\\//|| ||\\//||
9. food
||\\//|| ||\\//||
10. symbolic association
||\\//|| ||\\//||
Distinguish the difference between Emerging Diseases and Re-Emerging Diseases (list ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
examples) - correct answer✔✔Emerging: (new) N1H1 ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Reemerging: (old) small pox/measles ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Explain why Microorganisms are useful model organisms for study - correct answer✔✔gives
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
the ability to examine properties of microbes that may cause disease or lead to possible
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
benefits
List 3 domains and the major characteristics of each - correct answer✔✔1. Bacteria- single
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
celled, primitive nucleus ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. archaea- single celled, primitive nucleus
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. "true membrane" nucleus
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
List/Describe the kinds of Microorganisms in each of the domains - correct answer✔✔1. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
algae
2. fungi
||\\//||
3. protozoa
||\\//||
Demonstrate how to correctly write the scientific name of an organism - correct ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔Genus-> Species-> Strain ||\\//|| ||\\//||
