UPDATED EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT SOLUTIONS|A+ GRADED
UPDATED 2025|100% GUARANTEED
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Develop options - ANSWER ✓ look at possible options by brainstorming a list of
options
Consider consequences - ANSWER ✓ who and what will be affected by my
choice? what good and what harm could my choice
Choose, monitor, modify - ANSWER ✓ make your ethical choose and after the
choice is made, consider if it was the right one, how you felt about it, and what you
might do different next time
Politics - ANSWER ✓ anything that involves groups of persons making decisions
or influencing decisions regarding allocation of resource
Policy - ANSWER ✓ plans that guide the actions of government, institutions,
corporations, or communities
- often reflect the beliefs of the majority of those directly responsible for creating
the policy
- nurses are most often concerned with health policy and healthy public policy
Healthy policy according to WHO - ANSWER ✓ Refers to decisions, plans, and
actions that are undertaken to achieve specific health care goals within a society
Healthy public policy - ANSWER ✓ "improve the conditions under which people
live: secure, safe, adequate and sustainable livelihoods, lifestyles, and
environments, including housing, education, nutrition, information exchange,
childcare, transportation, and necessary community and personal social and health
services"
, What influences public policy - ANSWER ✓ - political parties
- interest groups
- lobbyists
- media
What do current government policies focus on and demonstrate - ANSWER ✓ 1)
focus on the individual and lifestyle
2) demonstrate the siloed nature of ministries
3) focus on treatment not prevention
Nurses and public policy - ANSWER ✓ - purpose is for overall improvement of
health
- looking to influence behaviour and decisions of people relative to their
environment and living conditions
- includes lifestyle, personal behaviour, availability, accessibility, quality of health
care , and determinants of health
What does nursing see adn have strong opinions about in regard to policy -
ANSWER ✓ we see individual effects of policy every day
politically active
purpose and objective of evidenced-based policy of supervised consumption sites -
ANSWER ✓ purpose: this series provides plain language introductions to the
evidence supporting critical substance use services and supports
What are nurses strengths as a political force - ANSWER ✓ - numbers, societal
view, lack of agenda, ability to engage in policy related work
What are nurses challenges as a political force - ANSWER ✓ - discomfort, lack of
political unity in the profession, we don't devote $ to lobbying efforts, do we know
how to be political
Post-structuralism - ANSWER ✓ concerned with how knowledge is socially
produced
Critiques of post structuralism - ANSWER ✓ - opposition to the 1950s/60s
structuralist movement
,- Michael Merlingen structuralists believed that any social element exists only in
patterned, structured relations linking them to other elements in a system and that
the most productive way of understanding the social world is to approach it
through examination of these systems
Post structuralist thinking - ANSWER ✓ - seek to challenge the scientific
positivist approach
- look at discourse analysis - language is key to understanding power
Severity - ANSWER ✓ how bad is the problem and how bad is it likely to get
Causality - ANSWER ✓ what factors are behind the problem
Incidence - ANSWER ✓ what is the scope and impact of the problem
novelty - ANSWER ✓ is this new
4 questions to assess motivation and capacity for change - ANSWER ✓ 1) who
are the stakeholders
2) is this an issue for them? or just you?
3) have you consulted with them? what do they see as a positive outcome
4) who can be your first follower?
How to diagnose the client systems problem - ANSWER ✓ - find evidence
- be clear and well informed
- political advocacy
- are there any laws that impact the situation
- what are the current barriers
Change theory in comparison to Lewin vs Lipitt - ANSWER ✓ Lewin: unfreezing,
moving, refreezing
Lipitt: phases 1-7
Advocacy - ANSWER ✓ The act or process of supporting a cause or proposal
Why should nurses advocate - ANSWER ✓ - high level of credibility with the
public
- unique perspective and knowledge
, - successful advocates
- respond to changing health policies
Link between advocacy and ethics - ANSWER ✓ - ethical nursing practice
involves endeavouring to address broad aspects of social justice that are associated
with health and well being
Why is advocating and paternalism a thin line - ANSWER ✓ this line- when
patients are unable to communicate/practice autonomy due to illness or
intimidation
Do patients have the right to make their own decisions - ANSWER ✓ Yes
What type of nursing dressing aspects of social justice - ANSWER ✓ - ethical
nursing addresses aspects of social justice
- nurses need to consider social inequalities
What does advocacy refer to according to the CNA - ANSWER ✓ refers to the act
of supporting or recommending a cause or course of action
Advocacy and power according to Hawks 1991 - ANSWER ✓ - power to, or the
ability to get things done
- power over, or the ability to influence the behaviours/decisions of others
Advocacy and power according to Kanter - ANSWER ✓ Kanter
- the ability to get things done, to mobilize resources, to get and use whatever it is
that a person needs for the goals he/she/they is attempting to meet
Personal power - ANSWER ✓ based on ones reputation and ability
What are the 5 nursing social powers - ANSWER ✓ personal, expert, position,
perceived, connection
expert power - ANSWER ✓ that are needed by others
Position power - ANSWER ✓ result of your position in an organization/group
perceived power - ANSWER ✓ status as a powerful person