Advanced Pathophysiology NURS 5350 Exam 3 with ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
precise detailed answers ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Terms in this set (152) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Original
What is a cough? ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Protective reflex that helps clear the airways by an explosive expiration. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Acute cough: 2-3 weeks ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Chronic cough: longer than 3 weeks. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Causes: Post nasal drip, GERD, medications (ACE). ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Hypoventilation vs. Hyperventilation? ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Hypo: Alveolar ventilation is INADEQUATE: leads to RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Hyper: Alveolar ventilation EXCEEDS metabolic demands: Leads to RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is clubbing? ||\\//|| ||\\//||
A painless enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes that develops over
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
time due to chronic hypoxia (COPD, CF, Pulmonary fibrosis, CHD).
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is Hypoxemia vs. Hypoxia? ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Hypoxemia is low arterial blood oxygen content. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Hypoxia is inadequate oxygen level in the tissues/cells. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is pneomothorax? ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Presence of air or gas in pleural space. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Open vs tension pneumothorax? ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Open: Air pressure in pleural space equals barometric pressure .
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Tension: Site of pleural rupture acts as one way valve permitting air to enter on inspiration
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
but prevents its escape by closing during expiration.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is pleural effusion? ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Empyema: Pus ||\\//||
What is Empyema? ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pus in the pleural space.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Treatment: Antimicrobial medications and DRAINAGE of pleural space with chest tube. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is bronchiectasis?
||\\//|| ||\\//||
Persistent abnormal dilation of the bronchi by DESTRUCTION OF THE ELASTIC OR ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
MUSCULAR COMPONENTS OF THE BRONCHIAL WALL OR LUMEN OBSTRUCTION. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is Bronchitis?||\\//|| ||\\//||
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes - usually caused by viruses. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is bronchiolitis?
||\\//|| ||\\//||
Diffuse inflammation of smallest airways or bronchioles (which are located on the most
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
distal end of bronchi before the alveoli.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is asthma? How does genetics and environment play a role in childhood asthma?
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
WHa
Chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchial mucosa.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Causes bronchial hyper responsiveness, constriction of the airways and variable airflow
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
obstruction that is reversible. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Allergies are a key component as many attacks are due to allergic response.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Childhood asthma: Genetics: genes that code for increased levels of immune and ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
inflammatory mediators (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IgE, and leukotrienes). ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is COPD? ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Airflow limitation that is not fully reversible.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Usually progressive and associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Risk factors for COPD?
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Smoking, dusts, chemicals, indoor pollution, outdoor air pollution. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is Emphysema? ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, Abnormal permanent enlargement of the gas-exchange airways accompanied by ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
destruction of alveolar walls without obvious fibrosis. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What are the two types of emphysema? ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Centriacinar: Septal destruction occurs in bronchioles and alveolar ducts. Occurs in ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
smokers with chronic bronchitis. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Panacinar: Involbves the entire acinus. Involves lower lobes of the lung. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What causes chronic bronchitis? ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Caused by viruses 90% of the time. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is a pulmonary embolism? Types or Origins? Risk factors?
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Occlusion of a portion of the pulmonary vascular bed by a thrombus, embolus, tissue ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
fragments, lipids (fats), foreign body, air bubble, or amniotic fluid. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Commonly (90%) arise from the deep veins in legs. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Virchow Triad: Venous stasis, hyper coagulability, and injuries to the endothelial cells that
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
line the vessels. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Risk factors: Conditions that promote blood clotting (venous stasis: immobilization, heart
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
failure), hypercoagulability (oral contreceptives, hormone replacement, pregnancy), genetic
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
clotting disorders (factor V leiden mutation, etc).
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Cor Pulmonale? ||\\//||
Secondary to PAH. ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Right ventricular enlargement. ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pulmonary hypertension, creating chronic pressure overload in the right ventricle. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Clinical manifestations: heart appears normal at rest. With exercise: decreased cardiac
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
output and chest pain. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is pulmonary edema? ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Fluid in the lungs most commonly caused by left sides heart failure, or high altitudes.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
SS: Dyspnea, hypoxia, dullness to percussion over bases, inspiratory crackles, pink frothy
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
sputum. ||\\//||
Laryngeal Cancer? Risk factors? SS? ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Risk factors: tobacco smaoke, HPV, alcohol consumption with smoking.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
precise detailed answers ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Terms in this set (152) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Original
What is a cough? ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Protective reflex that helps clear the airways by an explosive expiration. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Acute cough: 2-3 weeks ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Chronic cough: longer than 3 weeks. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Causes: Post nasal drip, GERD, medications (ACE). ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Hypoventilation vs. Hyperventilation? ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Hypo: Alveolar ventilation is INADEQUATE: leads to RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Hyper: Alveolar ventilation EXCEEDS metabolic demands: Leads to RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is clubbing? ||\\//|| ||\\//||
A painless enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes that develops over
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
time due to chronic hypoxia (COPD, CF, Pulmonary fibrosis, CHD).
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is Hypoxemia vs. Hypoxia? ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Hypoxemia is low arterial blood oxygen content. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Hypoxia is inadequate oxygen level in the tissues/cells. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is pneomothorax? ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Presence of air or gas in pleural space. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Open vs tension pneumothorax? ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Open: Air pressure in pleural space equals barometric pressure .
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Tension: Site of pleural rupture acts as one way valve permitting air to enter on inspiration
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
but prevents its escape by closing during expiration.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is pleural effusion? ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Empyema: Pus ||\\//||
What is Empyema? ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pus in the pleural space.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Treatment: Antimicrobial medications and DRAINAGE of pleural space with chest tube. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is bronchiectasis?
||\\//|| ||\\//||
Persistent abnormal dilation of the bronchi by DESTRUCTION OF THE ELASTIC OR ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
MUSCULAR COMPONENTS OF THE BRONCHIAL WALL OR LUMEN OBSTRUCTION. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is Bronchitis?||\\//|| ||\\//||
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes - usually caused by viruses. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is bronchiolitis?
||\\//|| ||\\//||
Diffuse inflammation of smallest airways or bronchioles (which are located on the most
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
distal end of bronchi before the alveoli.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is asthma? How does genetics and environment play a role in childhood asthma?
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
WHa
Chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchial mucosa.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Causes bronchial hyper responsiveness, constriction of the airways and variable airflow
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
obstruction that is reversible. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Allergies are a key component as many attacks are due to allergic response.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Childhood asthma: Genetics: genes that code for increased levels of immune and ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
inflammatory mediators (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IgE, and leukotrienes). ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is COPD? ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Airflow limitation that is not fully reversible.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Usually progressive and associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Risk factors for COPD?
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Smoking, dusts, chemicals, indoor pollution, outdoor air pollution. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is Emphysema? ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, Abnormal permanent enlargement of the gas-exchange airways accompanied by ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
destruction of alveolar walls without obvious fibrosis. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What are the two types of emphysema? ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Centriacinar: Septal destruction occurs in bronchioles and alveolar ducts. Occurs in ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
smokers with chronic bronchitis. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Panacinar: Involbves the entire acinus. Involves lower lobes of the lung. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What causes chronic bronchitis? ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Caused by viruses 90% of the time. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is a pulmonary embolism? Types or Origins? Risk factors?
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Occlusion of a portion of the pulmonary vascular bed by a thrombus, embolus, tissue ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
fragments, lipids (fats), foreign body, air bubble, or amniotic fluid. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Commonly (90%) arise from the deep veins in legs. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Virchow Triad: Venous stasis, hyper coagulability, and injuries to the endothelial cells that
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
line the vessels. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Risk factors: Conditions that promote blood clotting (venous stasis: immobilization, heart
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
failure), hypercoagulability (oral contreceptives, hormone replacement, pregnancy), genetic
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
clotting disorders (factor V leiden mutation, etc).
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Cor Pulmonale? ||\\//||
Secondary to PAH. ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Right ventricular enlargement. ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pulmonary hypertension, creating chronic pressure overload in the right ventricle. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Clinical manifestations: heart appears normal at rest. With exercise: decreased cardiac
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
output and chest pain. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is pulmonary edema? ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Fluid in the lungs most commonly caused by left sides heart failure, or high altitudes.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
SS: Dyspnea, hypoxia, dullness to percussion over bases, inspiratory crackles, pink frothy
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
sputum. ||\\//||
Laryngeal Cancer? Risk factors? SS? ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Risk factors: tobacco smaoke, HPV, alcohol consumption with smoking.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
