NS 1410 TEST PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTION RATED A+
✔✔Saturated fatty acids - ✔✔tropical oils: palm and coconut oil
✔✔monounsaturated fatty acid common sources - ✔✔canola oil, olive oil and olives,
peanut oil, peanuts, peanut butter, pecans, almonds, cashews, avocado
✔✔polyunsaturated fatty acid found in large amounts in these vegetable oils - ✔✔corn,
sesame, safflower, sunflower, soybean
✔✔omega-3 fatty acids primarily from fish oil - ✔✔salmon, tuna
✔✔omega-6 fatty acid found in vegetable oils - ✔✔corn oil, margarine, salad dressings,
mayonnaise
✔✔Goal of Omega 3 and Omega 6 - ✔✔keep omega 3 and 6 balanced, typically
americans need to lower omega-6 intake and increase omega-3 intake
✔✔Dietary Cholesterol found only in aminal products - ✔✔egg yolk, meat, fish and shell
fish, poultry, dairy products
✔✔Cardiovascular Disease monounsaturated fatty acids - ✔✔Seem to lower blood
cholesterol levels without significant lowering of HDL
✔✔cardiovascular disease polyunsaturated fatty acids - ✔✔Tend to lower total and HDL
cholesterol levels
✔✔Complete protein - ✔✔contains sufficient amounts of all nine essential amino acids
✔✔mutual supplementation - ✔✔two or more incomplete protein soucres to make a
complete protein
✔✔complementary proteins - ✔✔two or more foods combined to supply all nine
essential amino acids for a complete protein
✔✔RDA for protein - ✔✔0.8g of protein/kg of healthy body weight
✔✔Health benefits of vegetarianism - ✔✔Lower intake of fat and total energy
Lower blood pressure
Reduce the risk of heart disease
Reduce the risk of some types of cancer
Fewer digestive problems
reduce the risk of kidney disease, kidney stones, and gallstones
, ✔✔Challenges of Vegetarianism - ✔✔other than the potential to being low in protein,
special attention should be taken with vitamins B12, D and riboflavin, mineral iron,
calcium, and zinc
✔✔Metabolism during starvation - ✔✔The body switches to starvation mode, blood
glucose is maintained to support brain and RBC, activity, body temperature, and
metabolism decline, fatty acids become primary fuel, and brain cells start to use ketone
bodies as fuel, and muscle and organ proteins supply glucose.
✔✔B-complex vitamins - ✔✔important for energy metabolism through their actions as
coenzymes
✔✔Thiamin deficiency - ✔✔Beriberi
✔✔riboflavin good sources - ✔✔milk products (yogurt, cheese)
✔✔Niacin deficiency - ✔✔pellagra: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death
✔✔Iodine deficiency - ✔✔goiter, cretinism
✔✔functions of electrolytes - ✔✔help regulate fluid balance
help nerves respond to stimuli
signal our muscles to contract
✔✔Antioxidants - ✔✔Chemicals that protect cells from damage from oxidation,
including: Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Beta-Carotene, Vitamin A, Selenium.
✔✔Vitamin c source - ✔✔strawberries
✔✔Vitamin C dificiency - ✔✔Scurvy
✔✔Selenium source - ✔✔Brazil nuts
✔✔Antioxidants may contribute to reducing the risk of cancer by - ✔✔enhancing the
immune system, inhibiting growth of cancer cells, and preventing oxidation damage to
cells
✔✔Antioxidants may reduce the risk of CVD by - ✔✔-Preventing oxidative damage to
LDL
-Acting as an anticoagulant to prevent blood clots (vitamin E is an anticoagulant)
-Reducing low-grade inflammation - a newly identified risk factor for CVD
✔✔Calcium absorption - ✔✔requires vitamin D and is enhanced in an acid environment
SOLUTION RATED A+
✔✔Saturated fatty acids - ✔✔tropical oils: palm and coconut oil
✔✔monounsaturated fatty acid common sources - ✔✔canola oil, olive oil and olives,
peanut oil, peanuts, peanut butter, pecans, almonds, cashews, avocado
✔✔polyunsaturated fatty acid found in large amounts in these vegetable oils - ✔✔corn,
sesame, safflower, sunflower, soybean
✔✔omega-3 fatty acids primarily from fish oil - ✔✔salmon, tuna
✔✔omega-6 fatty acid found in vegetable oils - ✔✔corn oil, margarine, salad dressings,
mayonnaise
✔✔Goal of Omega 3 and Omega 6 - ✔✔keep omega 3 and 6 balanced, typically
americans need to lower omega-6 intake and increase omega-3 intake
✔✔Dietary Cholesterol found only in aminal products - ✔✔egg yolk, meat, fish and shell
fish, poultry, dairy products
✔✔Cardiovascular Disease monounsaturated fatty acids - ✔✔Seem to lower blood
cholesterol levels without significant lowering of HDL
✔✔cardiovascular disease polyunsaturated fatty acids - ✔✔Tend to lower total and HDL
cholesterol levels
✔✔Complete protein - ✔✔contains sufficient amounts of all nine essential amino acids
✔✔mutual supplementation - ✔✔two or more incomplete protein soucres to make a
complete protein
✔✔complementary proteins - ✔✔two or more foods combined to supply all nine
essential amino acids for a complete protein
✔✔RDA for protein - ✔✔0.8g of protein/kg of healthy body weight
✔✔Health benefits of vegetarianism - ✔✔Lower intake of fat and total energy
Lower blood pressure
Reduce the risk of heart disease
Reduce the risk of some types of cancer
Fewer digestive problems
reduce the risk of kidney disease, kidney stones, and gallstones
, ✔✔Challenges of Vegetarianism - ✔✔other than the potential to being low in protein,
special attention should be taken with vitamins B12, D and riboflavin, mineral iron,
calcium, and zinc
✔✔Metabolism during starvation - ✔✔The body switches to starvation mode, blood
glucose is maintained to support brain and RBC, activity, body temperature, and
metabolism decline, fatty acids become primary fuel, and brain cells start to use ketone
bodies as fuel, and muscle and organ proteins supply glucose.
✔✔B-complex vitamins - ✔✔important for energy metabolism through their actions as
coenzymes
✔✔Thiamin deficiency - ✔✔Beriberi
✔✔riboflavin good sources - ✔✔milk products (yogurt, cheese)
✔✔Niacin deficiency - ✔✔pellagra: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death
✔✔Iodine deficiency - ✔✔goiter, cretinism
✔✔functions of electrolytes - ✔✔help regulate fluid balance
help nerves respond to stimuli
signal our muscles to contract
✔✔Antioxidants - ✔✔Chemicals that protect cells from damage from oxidation,
including: Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Beta-Carotene, Vitamin A, Selenium.
✔✔Vitamin c source - ✔✔strawberries
✔✔Vitamin C dificiency - ✔✔Scurvy
✔✔Selenium source - ✔✔Brazil nuts
✔✔Antioxidants may contribute to reducing the risk of cancer by - ✔✔enhancing the
immune system, inhibiting growth of cancer cells, and preventing oxidation damage to
cells
✔✔Antioxidants may reduce the risk of CVD by - ✔✔-Preventing oxidative damage to
LDL
-Acting as an anticoagulant to prevent blood clots (vitamin E is an anticoagulant)
-Reducing low-grade inflammation - a newly identified risk factor for CVD
✔✔Calcium absorption - ✔✔requires vitamin D and is enhanced in an acid environment
