Bio 141 Exam 3 |123 Questions and Answers
role of surfactant - -chemical produced by alveoli, ensures the the water molecule bonds
are weakened to alveoli walls do not stick together and collapse
-When does infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) occur? - -when an infant is born
before alveoli have started to produce surfactant. Causes alveoli to collapse upon breathing,
infant is unable to reinflate lungs.
-Does surfactant work to weaken covalent bonds or hydrogen bonds in water molecules? -
-Hydrogen
-pressure outside of lungs:
pressure inside of lungs: - -atmospheric
intrapulmonary
-atmospheric pressure > intrapulmonary pressure
what happens - -inhaling, air enters lungs
-intrapulmonary pressure < atmospheric pressure
what happens - -exhaling, air leaves lungs
-when you exhale, the volume of your lungs goes ________ and the pressure goes _______. - -
down
up
-the most important muscle in controlling respiratory pressure is - -the diaphragm
-connective tissue lining lungs - -visceral pleura
-connective tissue lining inside of chest - -parietal pleura
-visceral pleura and parietal pleura form - -a pleural cavity for each lung
-fluid that causes the visceral pleura dan the parietal pleura to stick together, attaching the
lungs to the chest wall is - -pleural fluid
-when diaphragm contracts, it bulges down and out. what happens to intrapleural
pressure? - -it drops
-respitory control center - -circuit of neurons in the base of your brain that control the
depth of your breathing. Located in the medulla oblongata and pons
-lymphatic system is critical for circulatory system function and immune system. Site of
____ recovery and ____ cells - -fluid
, immune
-Two parts of lymphatic system: - -vessels that extend to all tissues
Organs and tissues that produce and maintain immune cells
-Organs and tissues include: - -lymph vessels/nodes, tonsils, thymus, spleen, bone marrow
-lymphatic duct (thoracic duct) empties into _______.
lymphatic duct (right lymphatic duct) empties into ________. - -left subclavian vein
right subclavian vein
-flow of lymph: - -lympatic capillaries, to lymphatic vessels (contain lymph nodes), to
ducts, to subclavian veins
-Lymph nodes contain: - -leukocytes that can ambush pathogens
-Explain elephantiasis - -When a parasite infects lymph vessels, then prevents
reabsorption of lymph fluid. First causes edema (swelling) in limbs and over time the limb
stretches and thickens
-Two ways body deals with pathogens: - -Nonspecific (innate) immunity
Specific (adaptive) immunity
-Nonspecific (innate) immunity consists of: - -external barriers, phagocytic Cells,
immunological surveillance, complement system
-Define nonspecific (innate) immunity: - -does not distinguish one type of threat from
another. Their response is the same regardless of the invader (nonspecific resistance)
-Adaptive (specific) immunity consists of: - -cell-mediated resistance- T-cells
antibody-mediated resistance- B-cells
-Define Adaptive (specific) immunity: - -protects against particular threats. They depend
on the activities of specify lymphocytes. Include B and T cells (specific resistance)
-How would blockage of the thoracic duct affect lymph circulation? - -this would impure
drainage of lymph and prevent it from returning to venous blood and promoting the
accumulation of fluid in the limbs (lymphedema).
-If they thymus failed to produce thymic hormones, which population of lymphocytes
would be affected? - -T-lymphocytes
-Why do lymph nodes enlarge during some infections? - -lymphocytes and phagocytes in
the nodes multiply to defend against the infectious agent
-White Blood Cells location of production - -red bone marrow
role of surfactant - -chemical produced by alveoli, ensures the the water molecule bonds
are weakened to alveoli walls do not stick together and collapse
-When does infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) occur? - -when an infant is born
before alveoli have started to produce surfactant. Causes alveoli to collapse upon breathing,
infant is unable to reinflate lungs.
-Does surfactant work to weaken covalent bonds or hydrogen bonds in water molecules? -
-Hydrogen
-pressure outside of lungs:
pressure inside of lungs: - -atmospheric
intrapulmonary
-atmospheric pressure > intrapulmonary pressure
what happens - -inhaling, air enters lungs
-intrapulmonary pressure < atmospheric pressure
what happens - -exhaling, air leaves lungs
-when you exhale, the volume of your lungs goes ________ and the pressure goes _______. - -
down
up
-the most important muscle in controlling respiratory pressure is - -the diaphragm
-connective tissue lining lungs - -visceral pleura
-connective tissue lining inside of chest - -parietal pleura
-visceral pleura and parietal pleura form - -a pleural cavity for each lung
-fluid that causes the visceral pleura dan the parietal pleura to stick together, attaching the
lungs to the chest wall is - -pleural fluid
-when diaphragm contracts, it bulges down and out. what happens to intrapleural
pressure? - -it drops
-respitory control center - -circuit of neurons in the base of your brain that control the
depth of your breathing. Located in the medulla oblongata and pons
-lymphatic system is critical for circulatory system function and immune system. Site of
____ recovery and ____ cells - -fluid
, immune
-Two parts of lymphatic system: - -vessels that extend to all tissues
Organs and tissues that produce and maintain immune cells
-Organs and tissues include: - -lymph vessels/nodes, tonsils, thymus, spleen, bone marrow
-lymphatic duct (thoracic duct) empties into _______.
lymphatic duct (right lymphatic duct) empties into ________. - -left subclavian vein
right subclavian vein
-flow of lymph: - -lympatic capillaries, to lymphatic vessels (contain lymph nodes), to
ducts, to subclavian veins
-Lymph nodes contain: - -leukocytes that can ambush pathogens
-Explain elephantiasis - -When a parasite infects lymph vessels, then prevents
reabsorption of lymph fluid. First causes edema (swelling) in limbs and over time the limb
stretches and thickens
-Two ways body deals with pathogens: - -Nonspecific (innate) immunity
Specific (adaptive) immunity
-Nonspecific (innate) immunity consists of: - -external barriers, phagocytic Cells,
immunological surveillance, complement system
-Define nonspecific (innate) immunity: - -does not distinguish one type of threat from
another. Their response is the same regardless of the invader (nonspecific resistance)
-Adaptive (specific) immunity consists of: - -cell-mediated resistance- T-cells
antibody-mediated resistance- B-cells
-Define Adaptive (specific) immunity: - -protects against particular threats. They depend
on the activities of specify lymphocytes. Include B and T cells (specific resistance)
-How would blockage of the thoracic duct affect lymph circulation? - -this would impure
drainage of lymph and prevent it from returning to venous blood and promoting the
accumulation of fluid in the limbs (lymphedema).
-If they thymus failed to produce thymic hormones, which population of lymphocytes
would be affected? - -T-lymphocytes
-Why do lymph nodes enlarge during some infections? - -lymphocytes and phagocytes in
the nodes multiply to defend against the infectious agent
-White Blood Cells location of production - -red bone marrow
