PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE EXAM WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
Why do we do the 5 rights when giving medications? correct
answers >> 1. right drug
2. right person
3. right dose
4. right route
5. right time
To ensure patient safety
How many patient identifiers do we need? correct answers >>
We need 2 patient identifiers to ensure that it is the correct
patient
How do you give sublingual nitroglycerin correct answers >>
Have patient put medication underneath their tongue while sitting
or lying down
3 doses within 15 minutes with each dose being 3-5 minutes
apart
Kept away from light in a container
,Systolic must remain above 90
Benefit of giving a transdermal patch? correct answers >>
Gives the medication a constant level, where the levels in the
body do not fluctuate as much
Trough levels correct answers >> Lowest plasma
concentration of a drug and it measures the rate at which the
drug is eliminated from the body
Rate of elimination
Drawn immediately before the next dose is given
What drugs do you draw trough levels for? correct answers >>
Drugs that have a narrow therapeutic index
Therapeutic index correct answers >> Estimates the margin
of safety for a drug using a ratio that measures the effective
therapeutic dose in 50% of people and the lethal dose in 50% of
people
Closer the number to 1 the higher the likelihood of danger
What drugs do you draw peak and trough levels for? correct
answers >> Digoxin
Aminoglycosides
,What are peak levels correct answers >> Rate of absoprtion
If someone has reoccurring infections and they keep taking
antibiotics and they are no longer working what has happened?
correct answers >> They have developed acquired bacterial
resistance
Onset of action correct answers >> Time it takes for a drug
to reach the minimum effective concentration after a drug is
administered (MEC)
How are drug doses perscribed correct answers >>
According to the % that the drug does not bind to protein
Any amount of the drug that does not bind to protein has an
effect, if it is bound to protein it cannot do anything
Half-life of a drug correct answers >> Time it takes for half of
the drug concentration to be eliminated
650mg aspirin half-life: 3hrs it would take 3 hours for 325 to be
left and 6 hours for 162mg to be left and so on
Benefits of using a generic drug? correct answers >> Cost
effective
Who governs all drug administration by nurses? correct
answers >> Nurse practice acts: every state has its own laws
, Native American view about time correct answers >> They
are concentrated about today, not tomorrow
Exhibit less dependence on a strict time schedule for economic
and social activities
Present measures to ease comfort not long term wellness, and
more likely to discontinue meds after feeling better
What drugs are metabolized differently in African Americans and
therefore are not as effective? correct answers >>
Antihyperstensive agents
Beta blocker, and ACE inhibitors
Drug interaction correct answers >> Altered or modified
action or effect of a drug as a result of interaction with one or
multiple drugs
Antagonistic: Cancels out another drug
Synergistic: More effective together
If pt is taking a medication and starts taking an OTC drug as well
and states that the prescription drug is no longer working, why is
it no longer working? correct answers >> Because of a drug
interaction
STUDY GUIDE EXAM WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
Why do we do the 5 rights when giving medications? correct
answers >> 1. right drug
2. right person
3. right dose
4. right route
5. right time
To ensure patient safety
How many patient identifiers do we need? correct answers >>
We need 2 patient identifiers to ensure that it is the correct
patient
How do you give sublingual nitroglycerin correct answers >>
Have patient put medication underneath their tongue while sitting
or lying down
3 doses within 15 minutes with each dose being 3-5 minutes
apart
Kept away from light in a container
,Systolic must remain above 90
Benefit of giving a transdermal patch? correct answers >>
Gives the medication a constant level, where the levels in the
body do not fluctuate as much
Trough levels correct answers >> Lowest plasma
concentration of a drug and it measures the rate at which the
drug is eliminated from the body
Rate of elimination
Drawn immediately before the next dose is given
What drugs do you draw trough levels for? correct answers >>
Drugs that have a narrow therapeutic index
Therapeutic index correct answers >> Estimates the margin
of safety for a drug using a ratio that measures the effective
therapeutic dose in 50% of people and the lethal dose in 50% of
people
Closer the number to 1 the higher the likelihood of danger
What drugs do you draw peak and trough levels for? correct
answers >> Digoxin
Aminoglycosides
,What are peak levels correct answers >> Rate of absoprtion
If someone has reoccurring infections and they keep taking
antibiotics and they are no longer working what has happened?
correct answers >> They have developed acquired bacterial
resistance
Onset of action correct answers >> Time it takes for a drug
to reach the minimum effective concentration after a drug is
administered (MEC)
How are drug doses perscribed correct answers >>
According to the % that the drug does not bind to protein
Any amount of the drug that does not bind to protein has an
effect, if it is bound to protein it cannot do anything
Half-life of a drug correct answers >> Time it takes for half of
the drug concentration to be eliminated
650mg aspirin half-life: 3hrs it would take 3 hours for 325 to be
left and 6 hours for 162mg to be left and so on
Benefits of using a generic drug? correct answers >> Cost
effective
Who governs all drug administration by nurses? correct
answers >> Nurse practice acts: every state has its own laws
, Native American view about time correct answers >> They
are concentrated about today, not tomorrow
Exhibit less dependence on a strict time schedule for economic
and social activities
Present measures to ease comfort not long term wellness, and
more likely to discontinue meds after feeling better
What drugs are metabolized differently in African Americans and
therefore are not as effective? correct answers >>
Antihyperstensive agents
Beta blocker, and ACE inhibitors
Drug interaction correct answers >> Altered or modified
action or effect of a drug as a result of interaction with one or
multiple drugs
Antagonistic: Cancels out another drug
Synergistic: More effective together
If pt is taking a medication and starts taking an OTC drug as well
and states that the prescription drug is no longer working, why is
it no longer working? correct answers >> Because of a drug
interaction
