USMLE Step 2 CK: Anterior Mediastinal Mass and Germ Cell
Tumors With complete solution– Expert Verified | Latest
Questions 2025
What is the most likely diagnosis for a 21-year-old male with a mediastinal mass,
elevated alpha-fetoprotein, and beta human chorionic gonadotropin? - Mixed
germ cell tumor.
What are the '4 T's' in the differential diagnosis for an anterior mediastinal mass?
- Thymoma, teratoma, thyroid neoplasm, and terrible lymphoma.
What distinguishes teratomas from other germ cell tumors on imaging? - The
presence of fat or calcium, particularly in the form of a tooth.
What is the typical serum hormone level in seminomas? - Elevated beta human
chorionic gonadotropin (B-HCG) and normal alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).
What are the nonseminomatous forms of germ cell tumors? - Yolk-sac tumor,
choriocarcinoma, and embryonal carcinoma.
What is the significance of elevated AFP in germ cell tumors? - Most
nonseminomatous germ cell tumors have elevated AFP, while seminomas
typically do not.
Why is lymphoma unlikely in the case of a mediastinal mass with elevated B-HCG
and AFP? - Lymphoma does not typically present with elevated B-HCG and AFP.
Tumors With complete solution– Expert Verified | Latest
Questions 2025
What is the most likely diagnosis for a 21-year-old male with a mediastinal mass,
elevated alpha-fetoprotein, and beta human chorionic gonadotropin? - Mixed
germ cell tumor.
What are the '4 T's' in the differential diagnosis for an anterior mediastinal mass?
- Thymoma, teratoma, thyroid neoplasm, and terrible lymphoma.
What distinguishes teratomas from other germ cell tumors on imaging? - The
presence of fat or calcium, particularly in the form of a tooth.
What is the typical serum hormone level in seminomas? - Elevated beta human
chorionic gonadotropin (B-HCG) and normal alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).
What are the nonseminomatous forms of germ cell tumors? - Yolk-sac tumor,
choriocarcinoma, and embryonal carcinoma.
What is the significance of elevated AFP in germ cell tumors? - Most
nonseminomatous germ cell tumors have elevated AFP, while seminomas
typically do not.
Why is lymphoma unlikely in the case of a mediastinal mass with elevated B-HCG
and AFP? - Lymphoma does not typically present with elevated B-HCG and AFP.