WGU D440 HIGH-YIELD EASY TO UNDERSTAND NUTRITION EXAM QUESTIONS AND ASWERS (VERIFIED) ALREADY GRADED A+ | BRAND NEW!

What statement made by the nurse demonstrates understanding of the role of rennin in the absorption of protein? - Answer "Rennin and calcium prevent rapid absorption of milk in an infant." Which enzyme that is involved in the digestion of protein is responsible for attacking acid in the small intestine? - Answer Carboxypeptidase Which chemical is responsible for unfolding and denaturing complex protein chains? - Answer Hydrochloric acid Which combination of foods will the nurse recommend to a vegan patient for a healthy protein balance? - Answer Grains and legumes A nurse is planning a high-protein meal for a lacto-vegetarian patient. What selection is most appropriate for this patient? - Answer Yogurt Dehydration definition - Answer when you've lost 1-2% of your body weight in water More water intracellular or extracellular - Answer intracellular Osmosis Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Pinocytosis Active Transport - Answer low to high high to low high to low with transport channel vacuole against gradient with transport channel and energy Protein malnutrition leads to - Answer edema because protein will allow water to come back into blood circulation More hydrogen atoms means - Answer Lower the pH Hyperventilation - Answer Increased the pH to be more basic/alkaline Any protein splitting enzyme - Answer Protease From Esophagus to Anus - Answer Intramural Nerve Plexus Muscle movements in digestion - Answer Pendular movement - back and forth mixing Longitudinal motion - swirls food S. Rings - chopping What reduces the chymes acidity - Answer the secretin hormone so the SI can release bicarbonate Metabolism Diseases PKU Galactosemia Glycogen Storage Diseases - Answer PKU - can't metabolize an amino acid. So you have to avoid foods that have that amino acid or else it can build up in the body and eventually cause brain damage. Galactosemia - can't convert galactose to glucose Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) - can't synthesize or breakdown glucose Macrosomia - Answer an abnormally large baby Since blood doubles in pregnancy, which micronutrient is essential for this - Answer iron - so hemoglobin can double as well 44% of Eclampsia Happens... - Answer Postpartum Define stillbirth - Answer a fetus death after 20 weeks gestation Hormones for breastfeeding and water intake - Answer prolactin - to make breastmilk oxytocin - to release breastmilk 3-4 L a day Biological Age vs Chronological Age - Answer Biological age: includes if they were premature Chronologic age: the actual measure of time elapsed since a person's birth Which charts for which ages? - Answer Under 2 - WHO growth charts Over 2 - the CDC growth charts and BMI By the 1st birthday infants should... in regard to their weight and height... - Answer - triple their birth weight - double their height Brief sprees or binges of eating one particular food - Answer Food jag Unintentional weight loss - Answer weight loss of 5% of body weight over a 6- to 12-month period Define Sarcopenia Senescence Osteopenia - Answer Sarcopenia: loss of lean tissue mass associated with aging. Senescence: the process or condition of growing old. Osteopenia: a condition that involves low bone mass and an increased risk for fracture. (leads to osteoporosis) What was the people Healthy initiative about? - Answer Healthy people initiative - focuses on the quality of life Primary governing body of the American food supply, with the exception of commercial meat, poultry, and egg products - Answer FDA Responsible for the food safety of both domestic and imported meat, poultry, and processed egg products - Answer USDA Regulates the use of pesticides and other chemicals and ensures the safety of public drinking water - Answer EPA Regulates the advertising and truthful marketing of food products - Answer Federal Trade Commission Organic farming means - Answer natural pest control Shigellosis - Answer from milk - more common in kids Vibrio - Answer contaminated water - can contaminate seafood - leads to cholera Clostridium perfringens - Answer creates spores, found in soil, dust and water Staph food poisoning - Answer Food handlers, dairy foods, bakery goods, meats, potato salad. Toxin stimulates the vagus which controls the vomit center. Most Common - usually in mixed dishes like casseroles Norovirus - Answer most common foodborne illness virus Parasites - Answer (1) roundworms, such as the trichina (Trichinella spiralis) worm found in pork; and (2) flatworms, such as the common tapeworms found in beef and pork Jewish food culture - Answer -orthodox -meats and cheese but not together -don't allow blood Muslim food culture - Answer -halal: allowed -haram: not allowed -Ramadan: a 30 day fast during the light hours, break fast at the evening, to celebrate when mohammed receive the Quran, ends with a 3 day feast Eid-al-Fitr. (during the 9th month) -Eid-al-Adha is a 3-day celebration of the pilgrimage to Mecca. Which energy source provides the highest energy value? - Answer Fat Dietetics - Answer The use of evidence-based practices in the area of food and nutrition to improve and maintain good health Health vs Wellness - Answer Health - complete well being Wellness - full potential development Essential Nutrients - Answer carbs, protein, fats, minerals, vitamins and water Nonessential Nutrients - Answer amino acids and cholesterol What creates the info on food labels? - Answer RDA and RDI Percentage of calories burned by the thermal effect of food and exercise? - Answer TEF - 10 % Physical Activity - 15%-30% convert kilocalories (kcal) into kilojoules (kJ) - Answer multiply the number of kilocalories by 4.184 Whole grain vs refined whole grain - Answer refined only has 1 or 2 layers; whole has all 3 layers Dextrin - Answer group of carbohydrates broken down in the mouth because of amylase saliva Ptyalin - Answer aka salivary amylase Cellulose - Answer nondigestable dissacharide that adds bulk to the diet saturated fats are usually... - Answer animal products Omega is determined by - Answer where the first double bond is Hydrogenation - Answer moving the double bond to a different side to make it more shelf stable and creating trans fats Phospholipids are triglyceride derivatives in which a phosphate group replaces one fatty acid... Which makes it... - Answer partially hydrophobic and hydrophilic aka amphipathic major phospholipid produced by the liver, key building block of the lipid bilayer - eggs and liver - Answer Lecithin signaling hormones that exert local control over multiple functions in the body - Answer Eiconasoids Plant fats are... - Answer monosaturated and polyunsaturated fats What breaksdown fat - Answer lingual lipase and ebner gland stomach only breaks down butterfat SI releases cholecystokinin when fat is here which triggers the gallbladder to release bile pancreatic lipase to breakdown triglycerides. Micelles - Answer when bile salts surround monoglycerides for absorption - high cholesterol medications get rid of bile salts so that this absorption can't happen Is bile reabsorbed? - Answer yes - by the hepatic portal vein What is the chemical group name for fats? - Answer Glycerides How many essential, nonessential, and conditional amino acids are there? - Answer 9 essential 5 nonessential if you're eating your essentials and conditional on which disease you have that requires these Negative vs Positive nitrogen balance - Answer negative- excreting more nitrogen than eating (very harmful, body can feed on muscles of the body) positive- holding more nitrogen than excreting (growth periods) Blood proteins - Answer Hemoglobin - oxygen carrying and Transferrin - iron transport Complete proteins - Answer are of animal origin and have all essential amino acids (soy is complete even though it's a plant) (gelatin is not complete even though it's of animal origin) Zymogens - Answer stored protein enzymes and proenzymes Digestion of proteins - Answer mouth - mechanical begins in stomach -Hydrochloric acid -HA activates pepsinogen to become pepsid -Rennin - only in children to help digest milk SI - food activates trypsinogen to become trypsin -which then activates chymotrypsin(ogen) and (pro)carboxypeptidas(attacks acid end) -Aminopeptidase: attacks nitrogen end - Dipeptidase: takes all remaining dipeptides to make them single amino acids Nitrogen balance is a measure of overall - Answer protein balance Scurvy - Answer (VitC Deficiency) - breakdown of blood vessel walls with normal blood pressure causing blood in joints and eventually death What vitamins are stored? - Answer All fat soluble ones and water soluble vitamin b6 and b12