,Chapter 1 - Chemistry and Measurement
u u u u u
1. What is a scientific theory?
u u u u
A) It is a collection of experimental data.
u u u u u u
B) It is an assertion of scientific fact.
u u u u u u
C) It is a guess or conjecture about natural phenomena.
u u u u u u u u
D) It is a fundamental relationship of nature.
u u u u u u
E) It is an explanation of natural phenomena that has undergone significant testing.
u u u u u u u u u u u
ANS: E PTS: 1
u u DIF: easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: Understand how the scientific method is an approach to performing science. u u u u u u u u u u
TOP: general concepts | scientific method MSC: general chemistry
u u u u u u
2. An untested explanation of a series of experimental observations is called
u u u u u u u u u u u .
A) a hypothesis u
B) a theory u
C) a law u
D) an experiment u
E) the scientific method u u
ANS: A PTS: 1
u u DIF: easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: Understand how the scientific method is an approach to performing science. u u u u u u u u u u
TOP: general concepts | scientific method
u u u u u
3. Which of the following statements concerning experiment and explanation is/are true?
u u u u u u u u u u
1. A law is always given in the form of a mathematical expression.
u u u u u u u u u u u
2. Once a hypothesis passes one or two tests it is considered a theory.
u u u u u u u u u u u u
3. Observation is a key component of the scientific method. u u u u u u u u
A) 1 only
u
B) 2 only
u
C) 3 only
u
D) 1 and 2
u u
E) 1, 2, and 3
u u u
ANS: C PTS: 1
u u DIF: easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: Understand how the scientific method is an approach to performing science. u u u u u u u u u u
TOP: general concepts | scientific method
u u u u u
4. A saline solution similar to that used for intravenous drips is made by dissolving 0.45 g
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
sodium chloride in 50.00 g water. Which of the following statements concerning the
u u u u u u u u u u u u u
saline solution and the law of conservation of mass is/are correct?
u u u u u u u u u u u
1. The mass of the saline solution is greater than the mass of water.
u u u u u u u u u u u u
2. The mass of the saline solution is equal to the combined mass of sodium
u u u u u u u u u u u u u
chloride and water.
u u u
3. The mass of the saline solution is greater than the mass of the sodium
u u u u u u u u u u u u u
chloride.
u
, A) 1 only
u
B) 2 only
u
C) 3 only
u
D) 1 and 2
u u
E) 1, 2, and 3
u u u
ANS: D PTS: 1
u u DIF: easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. u u u u u u u
TOP: general concepts | matter
u u u u
5. A 19.0-g sample of lithium is completely burned in air to form lithium oxide. The mass of
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
ulithium oxide must be u u u
A) less than 19.0 g. u u u
B) greater than 19.0 g. u u u
C) equal to 19.0 g. u u u
D) all of the above. u u u
E) none of the above. u u u
ANS: B PTS: 1
u u DIF: easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. (Example 1.1) u u u u u u u u u
TOP: general concepts | matter
u u u u
6. A sample of silicon is burned in oxygen to form silicon dioxide. What mass of oxygen is
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
uconsumed if 57.76 g silicon dioxide is formed from 27.00 g silicon?
u u u u u u u u u u u
A) 30.76 g u
B) 84.76 g u
C) 1559.59 g u
D) 0.47 g u
E) none of the above. u u u
ANS: A PTS: 1
u u DIF: easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. u u u u u u u
TOP: general concepts | matter
u u u u
7. In a certain chemical reaction, 7.29 g of compound A is added to 5.70 g of compound B.
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
uOnce the reaction is complete, 3.60 g of compound A and 1.17 g of compound B remain.
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
uWhat mass of products was produced?
u u u u u
A) 17.76 g u
B) 4.53 g u
C) 8.22 g u
D) 3.69 g u
E) 4.77 g u
ANS: u u C PTS: 1 DIF: easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. (Example 1.1)
u u u u u u u u u
TOP: general concepts | matter KEY: Law of Conservation of Mass
u u u u u u u u
MSC:
u ugeneral chemistry u
8. A 5.77 g sample of calcium carbonate completely decomposes into calcium oxide (lime) and
u u u u u u u u u u u u u
carbon dioxide gas when heated. If 3.23 g calcium oxide is produced, what mass of carbon
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
dioxide must have been formed?
u u u u u
, A) 2.54 g u
B) 9.00 g u
C) 18.65 g u
D) 0.56 g u
E) 1.92 g u
ANS: A PTS: 1
u u DIF: easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. u u u u u u u
TOP: general concepts | matter
u u u u
9. A sample of rubidium carbonate, weighing 7.00 g, requires 2.20 g of hydrogen chloride gas
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
uto completely decompose to water, rubidium chloride, and carbon dioxide gas. The total
u u u u u u u u u u u
umass of water and rubidium chloride formed is 7.90 g and no hydrogen chloride or rubidium
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
ucarbonate remains. According to the law of conservation of mass, what mass of carbon
u u u u u u u u u u u u u
udioxide must have been formed? u u u u
A) 1.30 g u
B) 0.90 g u
C) 8.65 g u
D) 17.10 g u
E) 3.07 g u
ANS: A PTS: 1
u u DIF: moderate REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. u u u u u u u
TOP: general concepts | matter
u u u u
10. Sodium oxide reacts with water to produce sodium hydroxide. Suppose 18.6 g of sodium
u u u u u u u u u u u u
uoxide is combined with 33.7 g of water. When the reaction is complete, all the sodium
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
uoxide has been consumed. According to the law of conservation of mass, which is a true
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
ustatement?
A) The mass of sodium hydroxide produced must equal 52.3 g.
u u u u u u u u u
B) The mass of unreacted water must equal 15.1 g.
u u u u u u u u
C) The mass of sodium hydroxide produced must equal 18.6 g.
u u u u u u u u u
D) The mass of water consumed must equal 18.6 g.
u u u u u u u u
E) The mass of sodium hydroxide produced plus the mass of unreacted water must
u u u u u u u u u u u u
equal 52.3 g.
u u u
ANS: u E PTS: 1 DIF: difficult REF: 1.3
OBJ:
u Apply the law of the conservation of mass. (Example 1.1)
u u u u u u u u u
TOP: general concepts | matter KEY: Law of Conservation of Mass
u u u u u u u u
MSC:
u ugeneral chemistry u
11. After a certain chemical reaction has completed, it is found that 33.7 g of product was
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
uproduced. According to the law of conservation of mass, which statement must be true?
u u u u u u u u u u u u u
A) The total mass consumed of all reactants was 33.7 g.
u u u u u u u u u
B) The mass consumed of each reactant was 33.7 g.
u u u u u u u u
C) The mass of reactants consumed depends on the number of reactants present.
u u u u u u u u u u u
D) Before the reaction started, there was 33.7 g total of all reactants.
u u u u u u u u u u u
E) Before the reaction started, there was 33.7 g of each reactant.
u u u u u u u u u u
ANS: A PTS: 1
u DIF: difficult REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. (Example 1.1)
u u u u u u u u u u
u u u u u
1. What is a scientific theory?
u u u u
A) It is a collection of experimental data.
u u u u u u
B) It is an assertion of scientific fact.
u u u u u u
C) It is a guess or conjecture about natural phenomena.
u u u u u u u u
D) It is a fundamental relationship of nature.
u u u u u u
E) It is an explanation of natural phenomena that has undergone significant testing.
u u u u u u u u u u u
ANS: E PTS: 1
u u DIF: easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: Understand how the scientific method is an approach to performing science. u u u u u u u u u u
TOP: general concepts | scientific method MSC: general chemistry
u u u u u u
2. An untested explanation of a series of experimental observations is called
u u u u u u u u u u u .
A) a hypothesis u
B) a theory u
C) a law u
D) an experiment u
E) the scientific method u u
ANS: A PTS: 1
u u DIF: easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: Understand how the scientific method is an approach to performing science. u u u u u u u u u u
TOP: general concepts | scientific method
u u u u u
3. Which of the following statements concerning experiment and explanation is/are true?
u u u u u u u u u u
1. A law is always given in the form of a mathematical expression.
u u u u u u u u u u u
2. Once a hypothesis passes one or two tests it is considered a theory.
u u u u u u u u u u u u
3. Observation is a key component of the scientific method. u u u u u u u u
A) 1 only
u
B) 2 only
u
C) 3 only
u
D) 1 and 2
u u
E) 1, 2, and 3
u u u
ANS: C PTS: 1
u u DIF: easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: Understand how the scientific method is an approach to performing science. u u u u u u u u u u
TOP: general concepts | scientific method
u u u u u
4. A saline solution similar to that used for intravenous drips is made by dissolving 0.45 g
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
sodium chloride in 50.00 g water. Which of the following statements concerning the
u u u u u u u u u u u u u
saline solution and the law of conservation of mass is/are correct?
u u u u u u u u u u u
1. The mass of the saline solution is greater than the mass of water.
u u u u u u u u u u u u
2. The mass of the saline solution is equal to the combined mass of sodium
u u u u u u u u u u u u u
chloride and water.
u u u
3. The mass of the saline solution is greater than the mass of the sodium
u u u u u u u u u u u u u
chloride.
u
, A) 1 only
u
B) 2 only
u
C) 3 only
u
D) 1 and 2
u u
E) 1, 2, and 3
u u u
ANS: D PTS: 1
u u DIF: easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. u u u u u u u
TOP: general concepts | matter
u u u u
5. A 19.0-g sample of lithium is completely burned in air to form lithium oxide. The mass of
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
ulithium oxide must be u u u
A) less than 19.0 g. u u u
B) greater than 19.0 g. u u u
C) equal to 19.0 g. u u u
D) all of the above. u u u
E) none of the above. u u u
ANS: B PTS: 1
u u DIF: easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. (Example 1.1) u u u u u u u u u
TOP: general concepts | matter
u u u u
6. A sample of silicon is burned in oxygen to form silicon dioxide. What mass of oxygen is
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
uconsumed if 57.76 g silicon dioxide is formed from 27.00 g silicon?
u u u u u u u u u u u
A) 30.76 g u
B) 84.76 g u
C) 1559.59 g u
D) 0.47 g u
E) none of the above. u u u
ANS: A PTS: 1
u u DIF: easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. u u u u u u u
TOP: general concepts | matter
u u u u
7. In a certain chemical reaction, 7.29 g of compound A is added to 5.70 g of compound B.
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
uOnce the reaction is complete, 3.60 g of compound A and 1.17 g of compound B remain.
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
uWhat mass of products was produced?
u u u u u
A) 17.76 g u
B) 4.53 g u
C) 8.22 g u
D) 3.69 g u
E) 4.77 g u
ANS: u u C PTS: 1 DIF: easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. (Example 1.1)
u u u u u u u u u
TOP: general concepts | matter KEY: Law of Conservation of Mass
u u u u u u u u
MSC:
u ugeneral chemistry u
8. A 5.77 g sample of calcium carbonate completely decomposes into calcium oxide (lime) and
u u u u u u u u u u u u u
carbon dioxide gas when heated. If 3.23 g calcium oxide is produced, what mass of carbon
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
dioxide must have been formed?
u u u u u
, A) 2.54 g u
B) 9.00 g u
C) 18.65 g u
D) 0.56 g u
E) 1.92 g u
ANS: A PTS: 1
u u DIF: easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. u u u u u u u
TOP: general concepts | matter
u u u u
9. A sample of rubidium carbonate, weighing 7.00 g, requires 2.20 g of hydrogen chloride gas
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
uto completely decompose to water, rubidium chloride, and carbon dioxide gas. The total
u u u u u u u u u u u
umass of water and rubidium chloride formed is 7.90 g and no hydrogen chloride or rubidium
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
ucarbonate remains. According to the law of conservation of mass, what mass of carbon
u u u u u u u u u u u u u
udioxide must have been formed? u u u u
A) 1.30 g u
B) 0.90 g u
C) 8.65 g u
D) 17.10 g u
E) 3.07 g u
ANS: A PTS: 1
u u DIF: moderate REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. u u u u u u u
TOP: general concepts | matter
u u u u
10. Sodium oxide reacts with water to produce sodium hydroxide. Suppose 18.6 g of sodium
u u u u u u u u u u u u
uoxide is combined with 33.7 g of water. When the reaction is complete, all the sodium
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
uoxide has been consumed. According to the law of conservation of mass, which is a true
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
ustatement?
A) The mass of sodium hydroxide produced must equal 52.3 g.
u u u u u u u u u
B) The mass of unreacted water must equal 15.1 g.
u u u u u u u u
C) The mass of sodium hydroxide produced must equal 18.6 g.
u u u u u u u u u
D) The mass of water consumed must equal 18.6 g.
u u u u u u u u
E) The mass of sodium hydroxide produced plus the mass of unreacted water must
u u u u u u u u u u u u
equal 52.3 g.
u u u
ANS: u E PTS: 1 DIF: difficult REF: 1.3
OBJ:
u Apply the law of the conservation of mass. (Example 1.1)
u u u u u u u u u
TOP: general concepts | matter KEY: Law of Conservation of Mass
u u u u u u u u
MSC:
u ugeneral chemistry u
11. After a certain chemical reaction has completed, it is found that 33.7 g of product was
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
uproduced. According to the law of conservation of mass, which statement must be true?
u u u u u u u u u u u u u
A) The total mass consumed of all reactants was 33.7 g.
u u u u u u u u u
B) The mass consumed of each reactant was 33.7 g.
u u u u u u u u
C) The mass of reactants consumed depends on the number of reactants present.
u u u u u u u u u u u
D) Before the reaction started, there was 33.7 g total of all reactants.
u u u u u u u u u u u
E) Before the reaction started, there was 33.7 g of each reactant.
u u u u u u u u u u
ANS: A PTS: 1
u DIF: difficult REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. (Example 1.1)
u u u u u u u u u u
