LEARNING MADE EASY
WITH UPCOMING TEACHER
SHAMI!
LIFE SCIENCES GRADE 11
NOTEBOOK
- SHAMILLA KITCHEN
,Introduction
With the purchase of these notes, you will get a better understanding of the content covered in your Life Sciences class.
Sometimes teachers rush over certain topics, sometimes you do not have time at home or in school to create proper notes
by yourself and sometimes the textbooks have either too short or too long explanations. By getting these notes you are
helping yourself spare time and covering all the work! LEARNING IS MADE EASY WITH TEACHER SHAMI!
CAPS GRADE 11 TOPICS COVERED IN NOTEBOOK:
• PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• ANIMAL NUTRITION
• CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• GASEOUS EXCHANGE: HUMAN GAS EXCHANGE; THE LUNGS AND BREATHING
• EXCRETION IN HUMANS; THE KIDNEYS AND BLADDER; THE URINARY SYSTEM
CAPS GRADE 12 TOPICS COVERED IN NOTEBOOK:
• REPLICATION; TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION
• MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS
• HUMAN REPRODUCTION
• THE HUMAN EYE
• THE HUMAN EAR
• HUMAN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• HOMEOSTASIS IN HUMANS
,TERM 2
ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS TO SUSTAIN LIFE: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS:
DEFINITION? • Light-independent phase- Carbon dioxide is absorbed from
atmosphere and hydrogen atoms
• PROCESS IN WHICH PLANTS CONVERT LIGHT ENERGY, CARBON are combined using ATP to form glucose.
DIOXIDE AND WATER INTO GLUCOSE
THE IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS:
How many phases does it occur in? and where does it occur in plant?
• Source of food; plants create food(glucose) that we can consume
• 2 phases • Oxygen gas is produced which is important for humans to be able to
• The light-dependent phase; in the thylakoids of the breath
chloroplasts How is photosynthesis promoted/ How does the plant structure help
• The light-independent phase/Dark phase/Calvin cycle; in the photosynthesis occur?
stroma of the chloroplast
• The roots of the plant absorb water
What occurs in each phase? • The xylem transports water to cells that photosynthesize
• The mesophyll cells in the plant leaves hold chloroplasts in which
• Light-dependent phase- Light energy is absorbed and causes
photosynthesis occurs
ATP to be formed. (Photolysis)
• The stomata of the plant allows oxygen to diffuse out and carbon
Water is split in the presence of light energy releasing oxygen dioxide to diffuse in the plant
and hydrogen. (Phosphorylation) • The leaves provide a surface area for maximum capture of light
• Phloem carries the product of photosynthesis away
• Cuticle and epidermis allow light to pass through due to its
transparency
, WHAT ARE THE INPUTS AND OUTPUTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS? What important pigment is involved in photosynthesis and its role?
• INPUTS: Carbon dioxide; Water; Light energy. CHLOROPHYLL • Chlorophyll is located in the thylakoid membrane of the
AND ENZYMES ARE NEEDED AS WELL. chloroplasts
• OUTPUTS: Glucose and Oxygen • It absorbs light energy that is needed for photosynthesis
The equation of photosynthesis: Photolysis: splitting of water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen
atoms.
- Water+ Carbon dioxide + Light energy = Glucose + Water
- CO2+H2O+LIGHT ENERGY= C6H12O6+O2 Phosphorylation: forming of ATP
THE CHLOROPLAST: STRUCTURAL FUNCTION
• The thylakoid: membranes that contain chlorophyll; light
phase occurs in;
OXYGEN GAS and chemical energy(ATP) IS PRODUCED HERE.
• Granum: stack of thylakoids
• Stroma: liquid part of the chloroplasts; in which enzymes
occur that assists in the dark phase/Calvin Cycle
GLUCOSE IS PRODUCED HERE.
• Lamella: membranes that make up the thylakoids
CHLOROPLAST
DNA
GRANA/GRANUM LAMELLA
DOUBLE STROMA
MEMBRANE
THYLAKOID
WITH UPCOMING TEACHER
SHAMI!
LIFE SCIENCES GRADE 11
NOTEBOOK
- SHAMILLA KITCHEN
,Introduction
With the purchase of these notes, you will get a better understanding of the content covered in your Life Sciences class.
Sometimes teachers rush over certain topics, sometimes you do not have time at home or in school to create proper notes
by yourself and sometimes the textbooks have either too short or too long explanations. By getting these notes you are
helping yourself spare time and covering all the work! LEARNING IS MADE EASY WITH TEACHER SHAMI!
CAPS GRADE 11 TOPICS COVERED IN NOTEBOOK:
• PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• ANIMAL NUTRITION
• CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• GASEOUS EXCHANGE: HUMAN GAS EXCHANGE; THE LUNGS AND BREATHING
• EXCRETION IN HUMANS; THE KIDNEYS AND BLADDER; THE URINARY SYSTEM
CAPS GRADE 12 TOPICS COVERED IN NOTEBOOK:
• REPLICATION; TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION
• MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS
• HUMAN REPRODUCTION
• THE HUMAN EYE
• THE HUMAN EAR
• HUMAN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• HOMEOSTASIS IN HUMANS
,TERM 2
ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS TO SUSTAIN LIFE: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS:
DEFINITION? • Light-independent phase- Carbon dioxide is absorbed from
atmosphere and hydrogen atoms
• PROCESS IN WHICH PLANTS CONVERT LIGHT ENERGY, CARBON are combined using ATP to form glucose.
DIOXIDE AND WATER INTO GLUCOSE
THE IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS:
How many phases does it occur in? and where does it occur in plant?
• Source of food; plants create food(glucose) that we can consume
• 2 phases • Oxygen gas is produced which is important for humans to be able to
• The light-dependent phase; in the thylakoids of the breath
chloroplasts How is photosynthesis promoted/ How does the plant structure help
• The light-independent phase/Dark phase/Calvin cycle; in the photosynthesis occur?
stroma of the chloroplast
• The roots of the plant absorb water
What occurs in each phase? • The xylem transports water to cells that photosynthesize
• The mesophyll cells in the plant leaves hold chloroplasts in which
• Light-dependent phase- Light energy is absorbed and causes
photosynthesis occurs
ATP to be formed. (Photolysis)
• The stomata of the plant allows oxygen to diffuse out and carbon
Water is split in the presence of light energy releasing oxygen dioxide to diffuse in the plant
and hydrogen. (Phosphorylation) • The leaves provide a surface area for maximum capture of light
• Phloem carries the product of photosynthesis away
• Cuticle and epidermis allow light to pass through due to its
transparency
, WHAT ARE THE INPUTS AND OUTPUTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS? What important pigment is involved in photosynthesis and its role?
• INPUTS: Carbon dioxide; Water; Light energy. CHLOROPHYLL • Chlorophyll is located in the thylakoid membrane of the
AND ENZYMES ARE NEEDED AS WELL. chloroplasts
• OUTPUTS: Glucose and Oxygen • It absorbs light energy that is needed for photosynthesis
The equation of photosynthesis: Photolysis: splitting of water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen
atoms.
- Water+ Carbon dioxide + Light energy = Glucose + Water
- CO2+H2O+LIGHT ENERGY= C6H12O6+O2 Phosphorylation: forming of ATP
THE CHLOROPLAST: STRUCTURAL FUNCTION
• The thylakoid: membranes that contain chlorophyll; light
phase occurs in;
OXYGEN GAS and chemical energy(ATP) IS PRODUCED HERE.
• Granum: stack of thylakoids
• Stroma: liquid part of the chloroplasts; in which enzymes
occur that assists in the dark phase/Calvin Cycle
GLUCOSE IS PRODUCED HERE.
• Lamella: membranes that make up the thylakoids
CHLOROPLAST
DNA
GRANA/GRANUM LAMELLA
DOUBLE STROMA
MEMBRANE
THYLAKOID
