OVERZICHT RECHTSPRAAK ECONOMISCH
RECHT
Deel 1: het ondernemingsbegrip........................................................................................7
Hoofdstuk 1: boeken IV & V – kartelrecht = mededingingsrecht in strikte zin.................8
1. Algemeen................................................................................................................. 8
1.1. Begripsduidende arresten..................................................................................8
1) Höfner & Elser.................................................................................................... 8
2) Commissie t. Italië..............................................................................................8
1.2. Sportfederaties................................................................................................... 8
1) Elpa.................................................................................................................... 8
1.3. Onderwijs........................................................................................................... 8
1) Humbel.............................................................................................................. 8
2) Wirth.................................................................................................................. 9
3) Escuelas Pias...................................................................................................... 9
2. Uitsluitingen ondernemingsbegrip............................................................................9
2.1. Taken onder overheidsgezag..............................................................................9
1) Eurocontrol......................................................................................................... 9
2) Selex Sistemi.................................................................................................... 10
2.2. Overheidshandelen........................................................................................... 11
1) Doulamis.......................................................................................................... 11
2.3. Taken van zuiver sociale aard..........................................................................11
1) Poucet & Pistre................................................................................................. 11
2) FFSA (Féderation Française des sociétés d’assurance)....................................12
3) Albany.............................................................................................................. 12
4) AOK Bundesverband........................................................................................13
5) Dôvera............................................................................................................. 13
2.4. Werknemers..................................................................................................... 14
1) Becu................................................................................................................. 14
2) Pavel Pavlov..................................................................................................... 14
2.5. CAO’s................................................................................................................ 14
1) Albany.............................................................................................................. 14
2) FNCBV (Fédération nationale de la coopération bétail et viande)....................14
2.6. Kopers zonder verkoopmarkt............................................................................14
1) FENIN (Federación Nacional de Empresas de Instrumentación Científica,
Médica, Técnica y Dental)....................................................................................15
Hoofdstuk 2: boek VI – marktpraktijken.........................................................................15
1. Algemeen............................................................................................................... 15
1
, 1.1. VZW Vlaamse Concentratie..............................................................................15
1.2. BKK Mobil Oil (!)................................................................................................ 15
2. Algemene regels met betrekking tot marktpraktijken............................................16
2.1. Veroordeling door GwH & onderwijsinstellingen...............................................16
1) Aanvullende ziekteverzekering (GwH)..............................................................16
2) KDG Hogeschool............................................................................................... 17
2.2. Consumentenbegrip......................................................................................... 17
1) Costea.............................................................................................................. 17
2) Gruber.............................................................................................................. 17
3) I.S., K.S./YYY (consumentenbegrip)..................................................................18
Deel 2: handels- en marktpraktijken.................................................................................18
1. algemeen................................................................................................................ 19
1.1. Limitatieve lijst Richtlijn oneerlijke handelspraktijken......................................19
1) VTB-VAB........................................................................................................... 19
2) Plus warenhandelsgesellschaft.........................................................................19
3) Mediaprint........................................................................................................ 20
4) Trento Sviluppo................................................................................................ 20
1.2. Uitzonderingen op begrip handelspraktijk (beperkt).........................................20
1) RLvS................................................................................................................. 20
2. Vergelijkende reclame............................................................................................ 20
2.1. Algemeen (definitie reclame)...........................................................................21
1) BEST (Belgian Electronic Sorting Technology)..................................................21
2.2. Concurrent....................................................................................................... 21
1) De Landtsheer.................................................................................................. 21
2) De slegte saga (Cass).......................................................................................22
2.3. Identificatievereiste concurrent........................................................................22
2.4. Vergelijkingsvoorwaarden (geoorloofdheidsvoorwaarden)(art. VI.17, §1 WER).22
1) Toshiba (art. VI.17, §1, 3° en 7° WER)..............................................................23
2) Pippig Augenoptik (art. VI.17, §1, 1° en 5° WER)..............................................23
3) Lidl/Colruyt (art. VI.17, §1, 1°-3° WER).............................................................24
3. Informatie van de markt: promoties met prijzen....................................................24
3.1. Algemene informatieverplichting (art. VI.2 WER).............................................24
3.2. Duidelijke prijsaanduiding (art. VI.3 – VI.7 & VI.18 – VI.19 WER).......................24
3.3. Uitverkopen (art. VI.22 – VI.24 WER)................................................................24
3.4. Solden (art. VI.25 – VI.27 WER).........................................................................24
3.5. Sperperiodes (art. VI.29 WER)..........................................................................25
1) WAMO beschikking........................................................................................... 25
3.6. Kortingtitels...................................................................................................... 25
2
, 1) Cashbacktitels (art. VI.31 WER)........................................................................25
2) Uitputting voorraad (art. VI.34 WER)................................................................25
(1) Trento Sviluppo............................................................................................ 25
4. Onrechtmatige bedingen B2C.................................................................................25
4.1. Verkoop op afstand (art. VI.45 e.v. WER)..........................................................25
4.2. Gezamenlijk aanbod (art. VI.80 – VI.81 WER)...................................................25
1) Citroën Belux................................................................................................... 26
5. Oneerlijke handelspraktijken B2C...........................................................................26
5.1. Oneerlijke handelspraktijken (art. VI.93 WER)..................................................26
1) Deroo Blanquart............................................................................................... 26
5.2. Misleidende handelspraktijken (art. VI.97 – 98 WER)........................................27
1) Gutshof – EI...................................................................................................... 27
2) Clinique............................................................................................................ 27
3) Tusky............................................................................................................... 28
4) Teekanne......................................................................................................... 28
5.3. Misleidende omissie (art. VI.99 WER)...............................................................28
1) Ving Sveringe (§4)............................................................................................ 28
2) Canal digital..................................................................................................... 29
5.4. Zwarte lijst (art. VI.100 WER)...........................................................................29
1) Trento Sviluppo (5°: lokvogelpraktijken)..........................................................29
2) RLvS (11°: verbod redactionele inhouding – vermomde reclame advertenties)
............................................................................................................................. 30
3) Purely creative (20°: gratis product geen extra kosten buiten onvermijdelijke)
............................................................................................................................. 30
5.5. Agressieve handelspraktijken (art. VI.101 – 103 WER).....................................30
1) Pegnitz (art. VI.103, 3° WER – hardnekkig en ongewenst aandringen via
afstandsmedia).................................................................................................... 30
2) Purely creative (art. VI.103, 8° WER – bedrieglijk indruk geven prijs gewonnen)
............................................................................................................................. 30
6. Oneerlijke marktpraktijken B2B (art. VI.104 – 109/3 WER).....................................30
7. Ongewenste communicatie....................................................................................31
8. Verkoop met verlies (art. VI.116 – 117 WER)..........................................................31
8.1. WAMO-beschikking (2011)................................................................................31
1) Inno (Cass. 2012)............................................................................................. 31
2) Verkoop met verlies (HvB)...............................................................................31
3) Cass. 2015....................................................................................................... 31
8.2. Europamur........................................................................................................ 32
8.3. Euronics beschikking (Cassatie 2016)..............................................................32
Deel 3: intellectuele eigendomsrechten............................................................................32
3
, Hoofdstuk 1: parasitaire concurrentie (art. VI.104 WER)(grens tussen intellectuele
eigendomsrechten en marktpraktijken).........................................................................32
1. Cassatie 2009 “parasitaire mededinging”..............................................................33
Hoofdstuk 2: specifieke intellectuele eigendomsrechten...............................................33
1. Octrooirecht............................................................................................................ 33
2. Auteursrecht........................................................................................................... 34
3. Merkenrecht........................................................................................................... 34
4. Tekeningen en modellen........................................................................................34
Hoofdstuk 3: cumul tussen de intellectuele eigendomsrechten.....................................34
1. Octrooi & merk....................................................................................................... 35
1.1. Philips/Remington............................................................................................. 35
1.2. Lego juris.......................................................................................................... 35
1.3. Hauck/Stokke................................................................................................... 35
2. Octrooi & model...................................................................................................... 36
2.1. Doceram/Ceram Tec......................................................................................... 36
3. Octrooi & auteursrecht........................................................................................... 36
3.1. Brompton bicycle.............................................................................................. 36
4. Model & merk......................................................................................................... 36
4.1. Burburry........................................................................................................... 36
4.2. Gömböc............................................................................................................ 37
5. Merk & model......................................................................................................... 37
6. Auteursrecht & model (& merk)..............................................................................37
6.1. G-star/Cofemel................................................................................................. 37
7. Geen inburgering.................................................................................................... 38
7.1. Philips............................................................................................................... 38
Hoofdstuk 4: communautaire uitputting........................................................................38
1. Dassonville............................................................................................................. 38
2. Silhouette/Hartlauer............................................................................................... 38
3. Sebago................................................................................................................... 38
4. Peak Holding........................................................................................................... 38
5. Van Doren + Q....................................................................................................... 39
6. Dior/Evora............................................................................................................... 39
7. Copad/Dior.............................................................................................................. 40
Hoofdstuk 5: merken..................................................................................................... 40
1. Algemeen............................................................................................................... 40
1.1. Dyson............................................................................................................... 40
2. Specifieke vormen van merken..............................................................................40
2.1. Kleurmerk......................................................................................................... 40
4
RECHT
Deel 1: het ondernemingsbegrip........................................................................................7
Hoofdstuk 1: boeken IV & V – kartelrecht = mededingingsrecht in strikte zin.................8
1. Algemeen................................................................................................................. 8
1.1. Begripsduidende arresten..................................................................................8
1) Höfner & Elser.................................................................................................... 8
2) Commissie t. Italië..............................................................................................8
1.2. Sportfederaties................................................................................................... 8
1) Elpa.................................................................................................................... 8
1.3. Onderwijs........................................................................................................... 8
1) Humbel.............................................................................................................. 8
2) Wirth.................................................................................................................. 9
3) Escuelas Pias...................................................................................................... 9
2. Uitsluitingen ondernemingsbegrip............................................................................9
2.1. Taken onder overheidsgezag..............................................................................9
1) Eurocontrol......................................................................................................... 9
2) Selex Sistemi.................................................................................................... 10
2.2. Overheidshandelen........................................................................................... 11
1) Doulamis.......................................................................................................... 11
2.3. Taken van zuiver sociale aard..........................................................................11
1) Poucet & Pistre................................................................................................. 11
2) FFSA (Féderation Française des sociétés d’assurance)....................................12
3) Albany.............................................................................................................. 12
4) AOK Bundesverband........................................................................................13
5) Dôvera............................................................................................................. 13
2.4. Werknemers..................................................................................................... 14
1) Becu................................................................................................................. 14
2) Pavel Pavlov..................................................................................................... 14
2.5. CAO’s................................................................................................................ 14
1) Albany.............................................................................................................. 14
2) FNCBV (Fédération nationale de la coopération bétail et viande)....................14
2.6. Kopers zonder verkoopmarkt............................................................................14
1) FENIN (Federación Nacional de Empresas de Instrumentación Científica,
Médica, Técnica y Dental)....................................................................................15
Hoofdstuk 2: boek VI – marktpraktijken.........................................................................15
1. Algemeen............................................................................................................... 15
1
, 1.1. VZW Vlaamse Concentratie..............................................................................15
1.2. BKK Mobil Oil (!)................................................................................................ 15
2. Algemene regels met betrekking tot marktpraktijken............................................16
2.1. Veroordeling door GwH & onderwijsinstellingen...............................................16
1) Aanvullende ziekteverzekering (GwH)..............................................................16
2) KDG Hogeschool............................................................................................... 17
2.2. Consumentenbegrip......................................................................................... 17
1) Costea.............................................................................................................. 17
2) Gruber.............................................................................................................. 17
3) I.S., K.S./YYY (consumentenbegrip)..................................................................18
Deel 2: handels- en marktpraktijken.................................................................................18
1. algemeen................................................................................................................ 19
1.1. Limitatieve lijst Richtlijn oneerlijke handelspraktijken......................................19
1) VTB-VAB........................................................................................................... 19
2) Plus warenhandelsgesellschaft.........................................................................19
3) Mediaprint........................................................................................................ 20
4) Trento Sviluppo................................................................................................ 20
1.2. Uitzonderingen op begrip handelspraktijk (beperkt).........................................20
1) RLvS................................................................................................................. 20
2. Vergelijkende reclame............................................................................................ 20
2.1. Algemeen (definitie reclame)...........................................................................21
1) BEST (Belgian Electronic Sorting Technology)..................................................21
2.2. Concurrent....................................................................................................... 21
1) De Landtsheer.................................................................................................. 21
2) De slegte saga (Cass).......................................................................................22
2.3. Identificatievereiste concurrent........................................................................22
2.4. Vergelijkingsvoorwaarden (geoorloofdheidsvoorwaarden)(art. VI.17, §1 WER).22
1) Toshiba (art. VI.17, §1, 3° en 7° WER)..............................................................23
2) Pippig Augenoptik (art. VI.17, §1, 1° en 5° WER)..............................................23
3) Lidl/Colruyt (art. VI.17, §1, 1°-3° WER).............................................................24
3. Informatie van de markt: promoties met prijzen....................................................24
3.1. Algemene informatieverplichting (art. VI.2 WER).............................................24
3.2. Duidelijke prijsaanduiding (art. VI.3 – VI.7 & VI.18 – VI.19 WER).......................24
3.3. Uitverkopen (art. VI.22 – VI.24 WER)................................................................24
3.4. Solden (art. VI.25 – VI.27 WER).........................................................................24
3.5. Sperperiodes (art. VI.29 WER)..........................................................................25
1) WAMO beschikking........................................................................................... 25
3.6. Kortingtitels...................................................................................................... 25
2
, 1) Cashbacktitels (art. VI.31 WER)........................................................................25
2) Uitputting voorraad (art. VI.34 WER)................................................................25
(1) Trento Sviluppo............................................................................................ 25
4. Onrechtmatige bedingen B2C.................................................................................25
4.1. Verkoop op afstand (art. VI.45 e.v. WER)..........................................................25
4.2. Gezamenlijk aanbod (art. VI.80 – VI.81 WER)...................................................25
1) Citroën Belux................................................................................................... 26
5. Oneerlijke handelspraktijken B2C...........................................................................26
5.1. Oneerlijke handelspraktijken (art. VI.93 WER)..................................................26
1) Deroo Blanquart............................................................................................... 26
5.2. Misleidende handelspraktijken (art. VI.97 – 98 WER)........................................27
1) Gutshof – EI...................................................................................................... 27
2) Clinique............................................................................................................ 27
3) Tusky............................................................................................................... 28
4) Teekanne......................................................................................................... 28
5.3. Misleidende omissie (art. VI.99 WER)...............................................................28
1) Ving Sveringe (§4)............................................................................................ 28
2) Canal digital..................................................................................................... 29
5.4. Zwarte lijst (art. VI.100 WER)...........................................................................29
1) Trento Sviluppo (5°: lokvogelpraktijken)..........................................................29
2) RLvS (11°: verbod redactionele inhouding – vermomde reclame advertenties)
............................................................................................................................. 30
3) Purely creative (20°: gratis product geen extra kosten buiten onvermijdelijke)
............................................................................................................................. 30
5.5. Agressieve handelspraktijken (art. VI.101 – 103 WER).....................................30
1) Pegnitz (art. VI.103, 3° WER – hardnekkig en ongewenst aandringen via
afstandsmedia).................................................................................................... 30
2) Purely creative (art. VI.103, 8° WER – bedrieglijk indruk geven prijs gewonnen)
............................................................................................................................. 30
6. Oneerlijke marktpraktijken B2B (art. VI.104 – 109/3 WER).....................................30
7. Ongewenste communicatie....................................................................................31
8. Verkoop met verlies (art. VI.116 – 117 WER)..........................................................31
8.1. WAMO-beschikking (2011)................................................................................31
1) Inno (Cass. 2012)............................................................................................. 31
2) Verkoop met verlies (HvB)...............................................................................31
3) Cass. 2015....................................................................................................... 31
8.2. Europamur........................................................................................................ 32
8.3. Euronics beschikking (Cassatie 2016)..............................................................32
Deel 3: intellectuele eigendomsrechten............................................................................32
3
, Hoofdstuk 1: parasitaire concurrentie (art. VI.104 WER)(grens tussen intellectuele
eigendomsrechten en marktpraktijken).........................................................................32
1. Cassatie 2009 “parasitaire mededinging”..............................................................33
Hoofdstuk 2: specifieke intellectuele eigendomsrechten...............................................33
1. Octrooirecht............................................................................................................ 33
2. Auteursrecht........................................................................................................... 34
3. Merkenrecht........................................................................................................... 34
4. Tekeningen en modellen........................................................................................34
Hoofdstuk 3: cumul tussen de intellectuele eigendomsrechten.....................................34
1. Octrooi & merk....................................................................................................... 35
1.1. Philips/Remington............................................................................................. 35
1.2. Lego juris.......................................................................................................... 35
1.3. Hauck/Stokke................................................................................................... 35
2. Octrooi & model...................................................................................................... 36
2.1. Doceram/Ceram Tec......................................................................................... 36
3. Octrooi & auteursrecht........................................................................................... 36
3.1. Brompton bicycle.............................................................................................. 36
4. Model & merk......................................................................................................... 36
4.1. Burburry........................................................................................................... 36
4.2. Gömböc............................................................................................................ 37
5. Merk & model......................................................................................................... 37
6. Auteursrecht & model (& merk)..............................................................................37
6.1. G-star/Cofemel................................................................................................. 37
7. Geen inburgering.................................................................................................... 38
7.1. Philips............................................................................................................... 38
Hoofdstuk 4: communautaire uitputting........................................................................38
1. Dassonville............................................................................................................. 38
2. Silhouette/Hartlauer............................................................................................... 38
3. Sebago................................................................................................................... 38
4. Peak Holding........................................................................................................... 38
5. Van Doren + Q....................................................................................................... 39
6. Dior/Evora............................................................................................................... 39
7. Copad/Dior.............................................................................................................. 40
Hoofdstuk 5: merken..................................................................................................... 40
1. Algemeen............................................................................................................... 40
1.1. Dyson............................................................................................................... 40
2. Specifieke vormen van merken..............................................................................40
2.1. Kleurmerk......................................................................................................... 40
4
