NUR 502 Exam 2026 | Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam | Complete Questions and Correct Answers |
Graded A+ | Verified Answers
A man has hematuria and colicky flank pain. A kidney stone is suspected. Which
diagnostic test is best to order to evaluate the stone size, location, and
hydronephrosis?
A) Kidney magnetic resonance image (MRI)
B) Ultrasound of the bladder and kidney
C) Computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis
D) X-ray of the kidneys, ureter, and bladder ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------
C
Stones form in the kidney as a result of:
A) excessive dietary calcium, which increases oxalate binding.
B) increased concentration of insoluble salts in the urine.
C) increased levels of citrate and magnesium.
D) a loss of integrity in the bladder lining causing a Hunner plaque. ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B
A mother brings in her 4-year-old daughter because she felt a "lump" on her
abdomen and she feels her daughter's belly is swollen. The mother states her
daughter is pretty healthy but has been stating that her stomach hurts on and off.
,Physical exam reveals a nontender abdominal mass that is firm and does not cross
the midline. Based on this presentation, a possible diagnosis is:
A) polycystic kidney disease.
B) dysplastic kidney.
C) nephroblastoma.
D) renal cell carcinoma. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C
Which of the following is the most common risk factor associated with the
development of bladder cancer?
A) Chronic urinary infections
B) Excessive analgesic use
C) Obesity
D) Smoking ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------D
Causes of painless, asymptomatic hematuria include:
A) urolithiasis
B) urothelial cell carcinoma
C) acute cystitis
D) renal cell carcinoma
E) urothelial cell carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----
------------E
,Discharge teaching is done for the patient after a nephrectomy for renal
carcinoma. Which statement by the patient indicates that teaching has been
effective?
A) Because renal carcinoma usually affects both kidneys, I'll need to be watched
closely.
B) I'll need to decrease my fluid intake to prevent stress to my remaining kidney.
C) My remaining kidney should provide me with normal renal function.
D) I'll eventually require some type of renal replacement therapy. ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------C
Finasteride, a 5α reductase inhibitor, is used for benign prostatic hypertrophy,
because the medication:
A) increases the conversion of dihydrotestosterone.
B) prevents the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.
C) increases testosterone levels.
D) prevents estrogen conversion. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B
A man with benign prostatic hypertrophy is complaining that his urine stream is
slower than in the past and sometimes his stream sprays. He also reports
dribbling when he is almost done urinating. These symptoms are known as:
A) voiding symptoms.
B) storage symptoms.
C) irritative symptoms.
D) urge symptoms. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A
, During times of increasing blood volume such as in heart failure, a compensatory
renal response is:
A) afferent arteriole vasoconstriction and efferent arteriole vasodilation to
promote reabsorption of fluid.
B) release of urodilatin, which inhibits water and sodium reabsorption thereby
leading to diuresis.
C) inhibition of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides to prevent fluid retention. D)
increase in antidiuretic hormone release which promotes diuresis. ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B
A 70-year-old woman with severe rheumatoid arthritis has difficulty with
activities of daily living such as eating and dressing herself. She also states that
she sometimes is incontinent of urine because she has trouble walking to the
bathroom because of pain and getting her underwear off quickly enough. The
type of incontinence she is describing is:
A) gross.
B) mixed.
C) stress.
D) functional. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------D
A mother is concerned about her 5-year-old son wetting his bed at night. She says
he has rarely had a "dry" night and during the day he does not have accidents.
What is the most likely cause of this enuresis?
A) Urine infection
Exam | Complete Questions and Correct Answers |
Graded A+ | Verified Answers
A man has hematuria and colicky flank pain. A kidney stone is suspected. Which
diagnostic test is best to order to evaluate the stone size, location, and
hydronephrosis?
A) Kidney magnetic resonance image (MRI)
B) Ultrasound of the bladder and kidney
C) Computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis
D) X-ray of the kidneys, ureter, and bladder ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------
C
Stones form in the kidney as a result of:
A) excessive dietary calcium, which increases oxalate binding.
B) increased concentration of insoluble salts in the urine.
C) increased levels of citrate and magnesium.
D) a loss of integrity in the bladder lining causing a Hunner plaque. ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B
A mother brings in her 4-year-old daughter because she felt a "lump" on her
abdomen and she feels her daughter's belly is swollen. The mother states her
daughter is pretty healthy but has been stating that her stomach hurts on and off.
,Physical exam reveals a nontender abdominal mass that is firm and does not cross
the midline. Based on this presentation, a possible diagnosis is:
A) polycystic kidney disease.
B) dysplastic kidney.
C) nephroblastoma.
D) renal cell carcinoma. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C
Which of the following is the most common risk factor associated with the
development of bladder cancer?
A) Chronic urinary infections
B) Excessive analgesic use
C) Obesity
D) Smoking ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------D
Causes of painless, asymptomatic hematuria include:
A) urolithiasis
B) urothelial cell carcinoma
C) acute cystitis
D) renal cell carcinoma
E) urothelial cell carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----
------------E
,Discharge teaching is done for the patient after a nephrectomy for renal
carcinoma. Which statement by the patient indicates that teaching has been
effective?
A) Because renal carcinoma usually affects both kidneys, I'll need to be watched
closely.
B) I'll need to decrease my fluid intake to prevent stress to my remaining kidney.
C) My remaining kidney should provide me with normal renal function.
D) I'll eventually require some type of renal replacement therapy. ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------C
Finasteride, a 5α reductase inhibitor, is used for benign prostatic hypertrophy,
because the medication:
A) increases the conversion of dihydrotestosterone.
B) prevents the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.
C) increases testosterone levels.
D) prevents estrogen conversion. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B
A man with benign prostatic hypertrophy is complaining that his urine stream is
slower than in the past and sometimes his stream sprays. He also reports
dribbling when he is almost done urinating. These symptoms are known as:
A) voiding symptoms.
B) storage symptoms.
C) irritative symptoms.
D) urge symptoms. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A
, During times of increasing blood volume such as in heart failure, a compensatory
renal response is:
A) afferent arteriole vasoconstriction and efferent arteriole vasodilation to
promote reabsorption of fluid.
B) release of urodilatin, which inhibits water and sodium reabsorption thereby
leading to diuresis.
C) inhibition of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides to prevent fluid retention. D)
increase in antidiuretic hormone release which promotes diuresis. ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B
A 70-year-old woman with severe rheumatoid arthritis has difficulty with
activities of daily living such as eating and dressing herself. She also states that
she sometimes is incontinent of urine because she has trouble walking to the
bathroom because of pain and getting her underwear off quickly enough. The
type of incontinence she is describing is:
A) gross.
B) mixed.
C) stress.
D) functional. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------D
A mother is concerned about her 5-year-old son wetting his bed at night. She says
he has rarely had a "dry" night and during the day he does not have accidents.
What is the most likely cause of this enuresis?
A) Urine infection
