CSCT REVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS RATED 100% CORRECT.
What are the components of the thorax? - (ANSWER)Mediastinum and pleural cavity
what are the great vessels of the heart? - (ANSWER)IVC, SVC, Aorta, Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary veins
What surface of the heart faces anteriorly? - (ANSWER)Right ventricle
What surface of the heart faces posteriorly? - (ANSWER)Left ventricle
what forms the right lateral border of the heart? - (ANSWER)Acute marginal
What are the 2 margins of the heart? - (ANSWER)Acute and Obtuse Marginal
What are the two layers of the pericardium? - (ANSWER)visceral and parietal
what are the muscular layers of the heart? - (ANSWER)epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium
which of the muscular layers of the heart is responsible for contraction? - (ANSWER)myocardium
which of the muscle layers of the heart is the strongest? - (ANSWER)myocardium
what are the four main valves of the heart? - (ANSWER)Tricuspid, Mitral, Aortic, Pulmonic
what are the inflow tracts of the right atrium? - (ANSWER)IVC and SVC
what are the embryological origins of the atrial septum? - (ANSWER)septum primum, septum secundum
what is the rough muscle in the right atrium called? - (ANSWER)pectinate muscles
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, CSCT REVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS RATED 100% CORRECT.
what are the rough muscle found in the ventricles called? - (ANSWER)trabecular carnae
what structures prevent the AV valves from collapsing? - (ANSWER)chordae tendinae
what is the outflow tract of the right ventricle? - (ANSWER)pulmonary artery
what is the septomarginal trabecular? - (ANSWER)moderator band - line inner wall of ventricles
what is the adult structure in the RA that originates from the Forman ovale? - (ANSWER)fossa ovalis
what are the main coronary arteries? - (ANSWER)RCA, LCA
RCA branches - (ANSWER)conus artery, SA nodal artery, Acute marginal artery (RV), AV nodal artery,
right posterior descending artery (inferior surface), right posterior lateral artery (posterior part of LV)
LCA branches - (ANSWER)(1) LAD, septal perforators (upper 2/3 of septum), diagonal artery (free wall of
LV), (2) LCx, obtuse marginal (LV)
What are the cardiac veins? - (ANSWER)Atrial vein and coronary sinus, great, middle, and small cardiac
veins all connect to CS
what are the nerve supply of the heart? - (ANSWER)sympathetic and parasympathetic
what is the function of sympathetic NS on the heart? - (ANSWER)increase HR
what is the function of the parasympathetic NS on the heart? - (ANSWER)decrease HR
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, CSCT REVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS RATED 100% CORRECT.
Name the conduction pathway of the heart - (ANSWER)SA node, Bachmann bundle, Wenckebach bundle
and thorels bundle, AV node, Bundle of His, L Bundle branches, left anterior fascicle, left posterior
fascicle, right bundle branch, Purkinje Fibers
name the 3 accessory pathways of the heart - (ANSWER)James bundle, Bundle of Kent, and Mahaim
bundle
what does gating mechanism of the heart refer to? - (ANSWER)ion channels during AP. NA, K, Ca Gated
Ion Channels
What are the rates of SAN, AVN, and Purkinje Fibers? - (ANSWER)SAN 60-100
AVN 40-60
Purkinje Fibers 20-40
Describe Phase 4 of the cardiac myocyte AP - (ANSWER)Resting membrane potential (-90mV).
Negatively charged intracullar, positively charged extracellular
Describe Phase 0 of the cardiac myocyte AP - (ANSWER)Depolarization. Fast Na channels open to allow
influx of Na. Positive Intracellular, negative extracellular
Describe phase 1 of the cardiac myocyte AP - (ANSWER)Initial Repolarization. Sodium channels close.
Describe phase 2 of the cardiac myocyte AP - (ANSWER)Plateau. Calcium Channel enter the cell. Muscle
contraction phase.
Describe phase 3 of the cardiac myocyte AP - (ANSWER)Rapid Repolarization. Potassium channels open.
Negative intracellular, Positive extracellular.
What is the cardiac pacemaker threshold potential? resting potential? - (ANSWER)-40 mV and -60mV
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What are the components of the thorax? - (ANSWER)Mediastinum and pleural cavity
what are the great vessels of the heart? - (ANSWER)IVC, SVC, Aorta, Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary veins
What surface of the heart faces anteriorly? - (ANSWER)Right ventricle
What surface of the heart faces posteriorly? - (ANSWER)Left ventricle
what forms the right lateral border of the heart? - (ANSWER)Acute marginal
What are the 2 margins of the heart? - (ANSWER)Acute and Obtuse Marginal
What are the two layers of the pericardium? - (ANSWER)visceral and parietal
what are the muscular layers of the heart? - (ANSWER)epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium
which of the muscular layers of the heart is responsible for contraction? - (ANSWER)myocardium
which of the muscle layers of the heart is the strongest? - (ANSWER)myocardium
what are the four main valves of the heart? - (ANSWER)Tricuspid, Mitral, Aortic, Pulmonic
what are the inflow tracts of the right atrium? - (ANSWER)IVC and SVC
what are the embryological origins of the atrial septum? - (ANSWER)septum primum, septum secundum
what is the rough muscle in the right atrium called? - (ANSWER)pectinate muscles
1
, CSCT REVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS RATED 100% CORRECT.
what are the rough muscle found in the ventricles called? - (ANSWER)trabecular carnae
what structures prevent the AV valves from collapsing? - (ANSWER)chordae tendinae
what is the outflow tract of the right ventricle? - (ANSWER)pulmonary artery
what is the septomarginal trabecular? - (ANSWER)moderator band - line inner wall of ventricles
what is the adult structure in the RA that originates from the Forman ovale? - (ANSWER)fossa ovalis
what are the main coronary arteries? - (ANSWER)RCA, LCA
RCA branches - (ANSWER)conus artery, SA nodal artery, Acute marginal artery (RV), AV nodal artery,
right posterior descending artery (inferior surface), right posterior lateral artery (posterior part of LV)
LCA branches - (ANSWER)(1) LAD, septal perforators (upper 2/3 of septum), diagonal artery (free wall of
LV), (2) LCx, obtuse marginal (LV)
What are the cardiac veins? - (ANSWER)Atrial vein and coronary sinus, great, middle, and small cardiac
veins all connect to CS
what are the nerve supply of the heart? - (ANSWER)sympathetic and parasympathetic
what is the function of sympathetic NS on the heart? - (ANSWER)increase HR
what is the function of the parasympathetic NS on the heart? - (ANSWER)decrease HR
2
, CSCT REVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS RATED 100% CORRECT.
Name the conduction pathway of the heart - (ANSWER)SA node, Bachmann bundle, Wenckebach bundle
and thorels bundle, AV node, Bundle of His, L Bundle branches, left anterior fascicle, left posterior
fascicle, right bundle branch, Purkinje Fibers
name the 3 accessory pathways of the heart - (ANSWER)James bundle, Bundle of Kent, and Mahaim
bundle
what does gating mechanism of the heart refer to? - (ANSWER)ion channels during AP. NA, K, Ca Gated
Ion Channels
What are the rates of SAN, AVN, and Purkinje Fibers? - (ANSWER)SAN 60-100
AVN 40-60
Purkinje Fibers 20-40
Describe Phase 4 of the cardiac myocyte AP - (ANSWER)Resting membrane potential (-90mV).
Negatively charged intracullar, positively charged extracellular
Describe Phase 0 of the cardiac myocyte AP - (ANSWER)Depolarization. Fast Na channels open to allow
influx of Na. Positive Intracellular, negative extracellular
Describe phase 1 of the cardiac myocyte AP - (ANSWER)Initial Repolarization. Sodium channels close.
Describe phase 2 of the cardiac myocyte AP - (ANSWER)Plateau. Calcium Channel enter the cell. Muscle
contraction phase.
Describe phase 3 of the cardiac myocyte AP - (ANSWER)Rapid Repolarization. Potassium channels open.
Negative intracellular, Positive extracellular.
What is the cardiac pacemaker threshold potential? resting potential? - (ANSWER)-40 mV and -60mV
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