Flight Instruments- Private Pilot Theory Notes #7 Questions With Complete Solutions

Flight Instruments- Private Pilot Theory Notes #7 Questions
With Complete Solutions


Attitude Indicator




Attitude Indicator Errors - 1. Precession occurs with
- Turbulence, Multiple Turns, High-G maneuvering
Attitude Indicator Errors - 2. 180 turns:
- Slight climb & turn opposite previous turn direction
Attitude Indicator Errors - 3. Level airspeed changes:
- Acceleration: slight climb
- Deceleration: slight dive
Attitude Indicator Errors - 4. Failure modes:
- Subtle: slow precession
- Extreme: roll over or freezing
Turn Coordinator/Turn Indicator

, • Airplane rolls in direction of bank
• Turn needle points in direction of turn
INDICATES RATE OF TURN NOT BANK ANGLE
The Inclinometer/ Inclinometer - i.e., "the Ball"
• Indicates coordination or "quality" of turn
• Tube filled with liquid, ball moves side to side
The Inclinometer/ Coordinated turn (ball centered)
•Horizontal lift (centripetal force) = Centrifugal force
The Inclinometer/ Slip (ball inside of turn)
• Horizontal lift (centripetal force) > Centrifugal force
The Inclinometer/ Skid (ball outside of turn)
• Horizontal lift (centripetal force) < Centrifugal force
Magnetic Variation
- Charts are true; compass is magnetic
- Depicted by Isogonic Line on Sectional Charts
- "East-is-Least"; "West-is-Best"
Isogonic Lines
- Lines of the same magnetic variation
Internal compass errors
- Caused by magnetic fields in the aircraft
- Induced by radios, magnetos and other electronics
Compass Errors (UNOS:)
Undershoot North; Overshoot South