, TEST BANK FOR t t
McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and
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Children 9th Edition by Julia Rogers
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Chapter 1-49 t
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
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Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE t
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. t t t
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. t t t t
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients. t t t t t t
d. Cells can synthesize fats. t t t
ANS: C t
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
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surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
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metabolic absorption.
t t
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering t t
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
t t t t t t t t t t t t
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C t
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of
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the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
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activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
t t t t t t t t t t t
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function
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as the intracellular digestive system.
t t t t t
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering t t
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove
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hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
t t t t t t t t t
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B t
, Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
t t t t t t t t t t t t
Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus
t t t t t t t t t t t
and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids,
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
cellular membrane.
t t
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering t t
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
injury?
t
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex t
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum t t
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D t
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
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within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
removing toxic substances from the cell.
t t t t t t
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering t t
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
t t t t t t t
a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction t t t t t t
b. Secretion of cortisol t t
c. Increased retention of water t t t
d. Breakdown of fat t t
ANS: C t
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes increases
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH. Breakdown of fat
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
is due to glucagon.
t t t t
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering t t
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
t t t t t t t t t
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: B t
, The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the period
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
= synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering t t
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as
t t t t t t t t t t
receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
t t t t t t t t t t t
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C t
Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for
t t t t t t t t t t
electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the ―glue‖ holding cell
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
membranes together. Proteases cause the breakdown of protein. Carbohydrates are involved in
t t t t t t t t t t t t
cellular protection and lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
t t t t t t t t t t t
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering t t
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing drug
t t t t t t t t t t t t
therapy for which human diseases?
t t t t t
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders t t t
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders t t t
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders t t t
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders t t t
ANS: B t
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
t t t t t t t t t t t t
interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases,
t t t t t t t t t t
including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular,
t t t t t t t t
gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
t t t t t t t t t t
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering t t
9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
t t t t t t t t t t
membrane?
t
a.Carbohydrate chains t
b.Glycoprotein channels t
c.Membrane channel proteins t t
d.Lipid bilayer t
ANS: D t
McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and
t t t t t t t t t t t
Children 9th Edition by Julia Rogers
t t t t t t
Chapter 1-49 t
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
t t t
Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
t t t t t t
MULTIPLE CHOICE t
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
t t t t t t t t t
a. Cells can produce proteins. t t t
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. t t t t
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients. t t t t t t
d. Cells can synthesize fats. t t t
ANS: C t
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
t t t t t t t t t t t t
metabolic absorption.
t t
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering t t
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
t t t t t t t t t t t t
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C t
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
t t t t t t t t t t t
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function
t t t t t t t t t t t t
as the intracellular digestive system.
t t t t t
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering t t
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
t t t t t t t t t
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B t
, Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
t t t t t t t t t t t t
Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus
t t t t t t t t t t t
and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids,
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
cellular membrane.
t t
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering t t
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
injury?
t
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex t
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum t t
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D t
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
t t t t t t t t t t t t
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
removing toxic substances from the cell.
t t t t t t
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering t t
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
t t t t t t t
a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction t t t t t t
b. Secretion of cortisol t t
c. Increased retention of water t t t
d. Breakdown of fat t t
ANS: C t
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes increases
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH. Breakdown of fat
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
is due to glucagon.
t t t t
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering t t
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
t t t t t t t t t
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: B t
, The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the period
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
= synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering t t
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as
t t t t t t t t t t
receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
t t t t t t t t t t t
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C t
Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for
t t t t t t t t t t
electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the ―glue‖ holding cell
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
membranes together. Proteases cause the breakdown of protein. Carbohydrates are involved in
t t t t t t t t t t t t
cellular protection and lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
t t t t t t t t t t t
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering t t
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing drug
t t t t t t t t t t t t
therapy for which human diseases?
t t t t t
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders t t t
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders t t t
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders t t t
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders t t t
ANS: B t
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
t t t t t t t t t t t t
interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases,
t t t t t t t t t t
including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular,
t t t t t t t t
gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
t t t t t t t t t t
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering t t
9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
t t t t t t t t t t
membrane?
t
a.Carbohydrate chains t
b.Glycoprotein channels t
c.Membrane channel proteins t t
d.Lipid bilayer t
ANS: D t
