UCI Bio 93 Final Exam 2026 Questions
and Answers
What are the four most common elements in living matter? - Correct answer-
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Carbon --make up 96% of all living matter.
Properties of Acids - Correct answer-Donate H+ to a solution, accept electrons, and
have a pH of <7
What happens in the S phase of the cell cycle? - Correct answer-DNA Synthesis
What happens in the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - Correct answer-Growth -- cell
contents are duplicated.
What happens in the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - Correct answer-More growth and
preparation for division.
What happens in the M phase of the cell cycle? - Correct answer-Mitosis (and
cytokinesis -- division of the cell).
What are the subphases of mitosis? - Correct answer-Prophase, Pre-metaphase,
Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
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,How many checkpoints are there in the cell cycle? - Correct answer-3 -- G1
checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, and the M checkpoint.
What is a Karyotype? - Correct answer-A layout of Metaphase chromosomes
matched with their homologous pairs.
What is a diploid cell? - Correct answer-A cell with 46 chromosomes -- somatic
cells.
What is a haploid cell? - Correct answer-A cell with 23 chromosomes -- sex cells.
What does the mesoderm give rise to? - Correct answer-the notochord (similar to a
spinal chord).
What does the endoderm give rise to? - Correct answer-the digestive tract.
What does the ectoderm give rise to? - Correct answer-the nervous system
(brain)/neural plate.
If 2n = 18, how many chromosomes come from the mother? - Correct answer-9 --
half from mom and half from dad
Meiosis - Correct answer-Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces
the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically
distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them.
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,What two structures does the chiasma connect? - Correct answer-Non-sister
chromatids.
What are the steps of meiosis? - Correct answer-Prophase I, Metaphase I,
Anaphase I, Telophase I & cytokinesis (then a second set of phases)
What does meiosis 1 deal with? - Correct answer-homologous chromosomes.
What happens in prophase 1? - Correct answer-The chromosomes condense, the
nuclear envelope breaks down, chromosomes cross over, and meiotic spindle
forms.
What happens in metaphase 1? - Correct answer-the pairs of homologous
chromosomes are now tightly condensed and coiled and become arranged on the
metaphase plate.
What happens in anaphase 1? - Correct answer-the pairs of chromosomes are
pulled apart by the spindle fibers (microtubules).
What happens in Telophase 1 and cytokinesis? - Correct answer-The homologous
chromosome pairs complete their migration to the two poles as a result of the
action of the spindle. Now a haploid set of chromosomes is at each pole, with each
chromosome still having two chromatids. A nuclear envelope reforms around each
chromosome set, the spindle disappears, and cytokinesis follows.
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, What happens during meiosis 2? - Correct answer-sister chromatids separate.
What happens in prophase 2 of meiosis? - Correct answer-A new spindle forms
around the chromosomes.
What happens in metaphase 2 of meiosis? - Correct answer-Metaphase 2
chromosomes line up at the equator.
What happens in anaphase 2 of meiosis? - Correct answer-Centromeres divide
chromatids move to opposite poles of the cells.
What happens during telophase 2 of meiosis? - Correct answer-A nuclear envelope
forms around each set of chromosomes and the cytoplasm divides.
What makes meiosis a unique form of cell division - Correct answer-Synapsis and
crossing over -- occurs in prophase 1, pairing up of homologous chromosomes,
homologous chromosomes cross over and exchange corresponding genetic
information (the DNA exchanged contain the same genes, but may have different
alleles).
How does meiosis increase genetic variability? - Correct answer-Independent
assortment (meiosis 1 -- homologous chromosomes separate independently),
crossing over (genetic recombination, prophase 1), and random fertilization (any
egg can join with any sperm -- most effective way to obtain genetic variability).
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and Answers
What are the four most common elements in living matter? - Correct answer-
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Carbon --make up 96% of all living matter.
Properties of Acids - Correct answer-Donate H+ to a solution, accept electrons, and
have a pH of <7
What happens in the S phase of the cell cycle? - Correct answer-DNA Synthesis
What happens in the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - Correct answer-Growth -- cell
contents are duplicated.
What happens in the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - Correct answer-More growth and
preparation for division.
What happens in the M phase of the cell cycle? - Correct answer-Mitosis (and
cytokinesis -- division of the cell).
What are the subphases of mitosis? - Correct answer-Prophase, Pre-metaphase,
Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,How many checkpoints are there in the cell cycle? - Correct answer-3 -- G1
checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, and the M checkpoint.
What is a Karyotype? - Correct answer-A layout of Metaphase chromosomes
matched with their homologous pairs.
What is a diploid cell? - Correct answer-A cell with 46 chromosomes -- somatic
cells.
What is a haploid cell? - Correct answer-A cell with 23 chromosomes -- sex cells.
What does the mesoderm give rise to? - Correct answer-the notochord (similar to a
spinal chord).
What does the endoderm give rise to? - Correct answer-the digestive tract.
What does the ectoderm give rise to? - Correct answer-the nervous system
(brain)/neural plate.
If 2n = 18, how many chromosomes come from the mother? - Correct answer-9 --
half from mom and half from dad
Meiosis - Correct answer-Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces
the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically
distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,What two structures does the chiasma connect? - Correct answer-Non-sister
chromatids.
What are the steps of meiosis? - Correct answer-Prophase I, Metaphase I,
Anaphase I, Telophase I & cytokinesis (then a second set of phases)
What does meiosis 1 deal with? - Correct answer-homologous chromosomes.
What happens in prophase 1? - Correct answer-The chromosomes condense, the
nuclear envelope breaks down, chromosomes cross over, and meiotic spindle
forms.
What happens in metaphase 1? - Correct answer-the pairs of homologous
chromosomes are now tightly condensed and coiled and become arranged on the
metaphase plate.
What happens in anaphase 1? - Correct answer-the pairs of chromosomes are
pulled apart by the spindle fibers (microtubules).
What happens in Telophase 1 and cytokinesis? - Correct answer-The homologous
chromosome pairs complete their migration to the two poles as a result of the
action of the spindle. Now a haploid set of chromosomes is at each pole, with each
chromosome still having two chromatids. A nuclear envelope reforms around each
chromosome set, the spindle disappears, and cytokinesis follows.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, What happens during meiosis 2? - Correct answer-sister chromatids separate.
What happens in prophase 2 of meiosis? - Correct answer-A new spindle forms
around the chromosomes.
What happens in metaphase 2 of meiosis? - Correct answer-Metaphase 2
chromosomes line up at the equator.
What happens in anaphase 2 of meiosis? - Correct answer-Centromeres divide
chromatids move to opposite poles of the cells.
What happens during telophase 2 of meiosis? - Correct answer-A nuclear envelope
forms around each set of chromosomes and the cytoplasm divides.
What makes meiosis a unique form of cell division - Correct answer-Synapsis and
crossing over -- occurs in prophase 1, pairing up of homologous chromosomes,
homologous chromosomes cross over and exchange corresponding genetic
information (the DNA exchanged contain the same genes, but may have different
alleles).
How does meiosis increase genetic variability? - Correct answer-Independent
assortment (meiosis 1 -- homologous chromosomes separate independently),
crossing over (genetic recombination, prophase 1), and random fertilization (any
egg can join with any sperm -- most effective way to obtain genetic variability).
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
