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CSSD QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
What energy systems produce energy anaerobically? ☑️☑️
phosphocreatine system and anaerobic glycolysis system
What energy systems produce energy aerobically? ☑️☑️
aerobic glycolysis, kreb cycle, and electron transport chain
Energy for exercise involves the ______ of ________ to fuel
muscle contractions ☑️☑️ energy for exercise involves
hydrolysis of ATP to fuel muscle contractions
How do muscle contract? ☑️☑️ Muscles contract through a
series involving 1. electrical stimulation at the neuromuscular
junction 2. propagation of an action potential across the
sarcolemme 3. excitation contraction coupling (the release of
calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and actin myosin
crossbridge formation (creates tension) 4. the cycle continues
wiht muscle relaxation following reuptake of calcium by the
sarcoplasmic reticulum
How many seconds of energy (ATP) is stored in the muscles?
☑️☑️ 8-10 seconds
The phosphocreatine system involves ........ ☑️☑️ the
breakdown of Phosphocreatine (PCr) to Creatine (Cr) and free
Phosphate (P) The P combines with ADP in the cell to generate
ATP
Phosphocreatine (PCr) is stored in the ☑️☑️ skeletal muscle
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Phosphocreatine (PCr) can be consumed via ☑️☑️ muscle
foods such as beef, pork and fish
The theory behind creatine supplementation is ☑️☑️ that
boosting Cr stores may enhance rapid ATP production and
generation
One reason the Phophocreatine System produces energy so
quickly is that .... ☑️☑️ it occurs when oxygen is not present
it is an anaerobic process
The glycolytic system uses what kind of substrates in
metabolism? ☑️☑️ carbohydrate substrates
Carbohydrates are available in the _______ in the form of
______ ☑️☑️ carbohydrates are available in the blood in the
form of glucose
carbohydrates are stored in the _____ and ____ in the form of
____ ☑️☑️ carbs are stored in the liver and muscle in the
form of glycogen
the glycolytic system can produce energy in ____ and ____
environments ☑️☑️ the glycolytic system can produce
energy in anaerobic and aerobic environments
Anaerobically glycolysis can produce ATP for approximately
______ to ___ minutes ☑️☑️ Anaerobically glycolysis can
produce ATP for approximately 1 to 3 minutes
1 molecule of glucose produces a net gain of ___ ATP in
anaerobic environments ☑️☑️ 1 molecule of glucose
produces a net gain of _2 ATP in anaerobic environments
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Aerobically when oxygen is available glycolysis can produce
ATP for _______ ☑️☑️ Aerobically when oxygen is available
glycolysis can produce ATP for longer than an hour
1 molecule of glucose produces a net gain of ____ to _____ ATP
in aerobic environments ☑️☑️ 1 molecule of glucose
produces a net gain of __32__ to ___38_ ATP in aerobic
environments
Anaerobic glycolysis produces ATP through a pathway ending
at ____ ☑️☑️ Anaerobic glycolysis produces ATP through a
pathway ending at pyruvate
Anarobic glycolysis produces ☑️☑️ Anaerobic glycolysis
produces ATP, NADH production and Hydrogren ions (H+)
hydrogen ions (H+) have two fates, what are they? ☑️☑️
hydrogen ions produced by anaerobic glycolysis can either
combine with pyruvate to form lactate or are oxidized by the
electron transport chain (ETC)
what is the fate of lactate? ☑️☑️ lactate can be recycled as a
glycolytic substrate via the cori cycle
the cori cycle takes place in the ________ ☑️☑️ the cori cycle
takes place in the liver
What is the lactate threshold? ☑️☑️ the lactate threshold is
when the production of hydrogen ions exceeds the livers
capacity of the liver to clear lactate and when pruduction of
lactate exceeds clearance this is when the lactate threshold
occurs
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how does lactate threshold improve? ☑️☑️ lactate threshold
improves with high intensity exercise training which allows
individuals to work longer at a higher level
When oxygen is available in the _________ this process occurs
to help provide energy. Why is this the case? ☑️☑️ When
oxygen is available in the mitochondira aerobic glycolysis
occurs because pyruvate is no loner the end point but rather it
is converted to acetyl coa which allows it to enter the krebs
cycle
ATP is produced via the kreb cycle via ☑️☑️ ATP is
produced via the krebs cycle through a series of
phosphorylation reactions
____ and ______ are electron carrying compounds produced in
the ______. They enter the ______ where more ATP is
generated through a series of ___________ ☑️☑️ NADH and
FADH are electron carrying compounds produced in the
KRebs cycle. They enter the electron transport chain where
more ATP is generated through a series of oxidation reduction
reactions
This macronutrient serves as another substrate for aerobic
energy production ☑️☑️ Fat serves as another substrate for
aerobic energy production
This type of metabolism is when fat is used as a substrate for
aerobic energy production ☑️☑️ Oxidative metabolism is
when fat serves as another substrate for aerobic energy
production
Through a process called _________ triglycerides are broken
down into __ and ____ ☑️☑️ Through a process called Beta-
CSSD QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
What energy systems produce energy anaerobically? ☑️☑️
phosphocreatine system and anaerobic glycolysis system
What energy systems produce energy aerobically? ☑️☑️
aerobic glycolysis, kreb cycle, and electron transport chain
Energy for exercise involves the ______ of ________ to fuel
muscle contractions ☑️☑️ energy for exercise involves
hydrolysis of ATP to fuel muscle contractions
How do muscle contract? ☑️☑️ Muscles contract through a
series involving 1. electrical stimulation at the neuromuscular
junction 2. propagation of an action potential across the
sarcolemme 3. excitation contraction coupling (the release of
calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and actin myosin
crossbridge formation (creates tension) 4. the cycle continues
wiht muscle relaxation following reuptake of calcium by the
sarcoplasmic reticulum
How many seconds of energy (ATP) is stored in the muscles?
☑️☑️ 8-10 seconds
The phosphocreatine system involves ........ ☑️☑️ the
breakdown of Phosphocreatine (PCr) to Creatine (Cr) and free
Phosphate (P) The P combines with ADP in the cell to generate
ATP
Phosphocreatine (PCr) is stored in the ☑️☑️ skeletal muscle
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Phosphocreatine (PCr) can be consumed via ☑️☑️ muscle
foods such as beef, pork and fish
The theory behind creatine supplementation is ☑️☑️ that
boosting Cr stores may enhance rapid ATP production and
generation
One reason the Phophocreatine System produces energy so
quickly is that .... ☑️☑️ it occurs when oxygen is not present
it is an anaerobic process
The glycolytic system uses what kind of substrates in
metabolism? ☑️☑️ carbohydrate substrates
Carbohydrates are available in the _______ in the form of
______ ☑️☑️ carbohydrates are available in the blood in the
form of glucose
carbohydrates are stored in the _____ and ____ in the form of
____ ☑️☑️ carbs are stored in the liver and muscle in the
form of glycogen
the glycolytic system can produce energy in ____ and ____
environments ☑️☑️ the glycolytic system can produce
energy in anaerobic and aerobic environments
Anaerobically glycolysis can produce ATP for approximately
______ to ___ minutes ☑️☑️ Anaerobically glycolysis can
produce ATP for approximately 1 to 3 minutes
1 molecule of glucose produces a net gain of ___ ATP in
anaerobic environments ☑️☑️ 1 molecule of glucose
produces a net gain of _2 ATP in anaerobic environments
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Aerobically when oxygen is available glycolysis can produce
ATP for _______ ☑️☑️ Aerobically when oxygen is available
glycolysis can produce ATP for longer than an hour
1 molecule of glucose produces a net gain of ____ to _____ ATP
in aerobic environments ☑️☑️ 1 molecule of glucose
produces a net gain of __32__ to ___38_ ATP in aerobic
environments
Anaerobic glycolysis produces ATP through a pathway ending
at ____ ☑️☑️ Anaerobic glycolysis produces ATP through a
pathway ending at pyruvate
Anarobic glycolysis produces ☑️☑️ Anaerobic glycolysis
produces ATP, NADH production and Hydrogren ions (H+)
hydrogen ions (H+) have two fates, what are they? ☑️☑️
hydrogen ions produced by anaerobic glycolysis can either
combine with pyruvate to form lactate or are oxidized by the
electron transport chain (ETC)
what is the fate of lactate? ☑️☑️ lactate can be recycled as a
glycolytic substrate via the cori cycle
the cori cycle takes place in the ________ ☑️☑️ the cori cycle
takes place in the liver
What is the lactate threshold? ☑️☑️ the lactate threshold is
when the production of hydrogen ions exceeds the livers
capacity of the liver to clear lactate and when pruduction of
lactate exceeds clearance this is when the lactate threshold
occurs
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how does lactate threshold improve? ☑️☑️ lactate threshold
improves with high intensity exercise training which allows
individuals to work longer at a higher level
When oxygen is available in the _________ this process occurs
to help provide energy. Why is this the case? ☑️☑️ When
oxygen is available in the mitochondira aerobic glycolysis
occurs because pyruvate is no loner the end point but rather it
is converted to acetyl coa which allows it to enter the krebs
cycle
ATP is produced via the kreb cycle via ☑️☑️ ATP is
produced via the krebs cycle through a series of
phosphorylation reactions
____ and ______ are electron carrying compounds produced in
the ______. They enter the ______ where more ATP is
generated through a series of ___________ ☑️☑️ NADH and
FADH are electron carrying compounds produced in the
KRebs cycle. They enter the electron transport chain where
more ATP is generated through a series of oxidation reduction
reactions
This macronutrient serves as another substrate for aerobic
energy production ☑️☑️ Fat serves as another substrate for
aerobic energy production
This type of metabolism is when fat is used as a substrate for
aerobic energy production ☑️☑️ Oxidative metabolism is
when fat serves as another substrate for aerobic energy
production
Through a process called _________ triglycerides are broken
down into __ and ____ ☑️☑️ Through a process called Beta-
