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Argument Basics - ANSWER an argument is a crucial that you dont develop such an
emotional response to the information : defitnion : an argument is the reasoned presentioan of
an idea that is supposed by evidence that is assumed to be true
reasoned questions - ANSWER the author of an lsat arguemtn has organized the
information presented according to a predictable, logical structure, how ever falwed he end
reult may be
an idea - ANSWER the conclusion of the authors agrument is really nothing more than an
idea. just because its on the lsat doesnt mean its valid . in fact, the only way to evaluate the
validaitiy of an authors conclusion is to examine the evidence in support of it and decide
whether the author makes any leaps of logic between the evidence and his or her conclusion
supported by evidence - ANSWER all of the arugments on the test in which an author is
advancing a conclusion === there are a few exceptions to this, whihc well refer to as passages
rather than arguments have some kind of evidence presented in support the authors
conclusion
argument: serena has to move to kentucky. she lost the lease on her new york apartment, and
her company is moving to kentucky : what is the authors conclusion ? - ANSWER when
looking for the authros conclusion try to figure out what the author is attemptin gto persuade
us of. ultimatley the author is trying to persuade you that SErena has to move to Kentucky . the
rest of the info is given in support of that infoamiotn. ofthen the authros conclusion is signaled
by words such as thus, thereofre, or so or it a recommendation a prediciton, or an expanation
of the cvdence presented
The Why Test - ANSWER should be applied to verify that yo uave found the authors
conclusion. lets take the previous example and see how it works. if you had aid that hte authors
conclusion was that hse had lost her leas,, the next step is to ask why did the author lose her
,lease there is absolutlety no evidence in tha rugment to answer that question. there, that
statemtn cnat be the authors acutal conclusion : now lets say you had chosen the fadct that the
authors compnay was moviong to kentucky as the proper concuslin. you would ask why is the
authors company moving and wouldnt find any evidence
authors premises : serena has to move to kentucky lost her lease , her company is moving -
ANSWER So , why does the author think that serena has to move to kentucky(1) she lost
the lease on her apartment in New York , and (2) her company is reloxating to Kentucky. each of
these is a premise in support of the conclusion.
agrument #2 : the mayor of the town of Shaasta sent a letter to the townspeople instrucing
them to burn less wood. A few weeks after the letter was delievered there was a noticable
decreae in the amount of wood the townspeople of Shasta were burning on a daily basis.
therefore it is obvious that the letter was successful in helping the mayor achieve his goal: what
is the conclusion ? - ANSWER the author is trying to presude us that the only reason the
amount of wood that was used or bought was only successful because of his letter
arugment 2 : what were the authors premises - ANSWER - the reduce of amount of wood
the townspeople were burning dialy decreased - the letter
what is an assumption ? - ANSWER an asuumption , both in life and on the lsat is a leap of
logic that we make to get from one piece of info to another
step by step of assessing an argument : step one : assess the question - ANSWER reading
the queestion frist will up you off aobut what you need to lokok for in the argument . dont
waster time reading the argument before you know how you will need to evaluate it for that
particular quesiotn. if you dont know what your task is are unlikely to perform it effectivley
step 2 : analyze the argument - ANSWER you've got to read the arugment critically,
lookign fo the authors conclusion and the evidence used the underline tool to make a not of it.
If necessary, could you jot down short, simple paraphrases of the premises and any flaws you
found in the arugment on your scratch paper? To find flaws, you should keep your eyes open for
ay shifts to the authors language or faps in the argument. look for common purpose and
, reasoning parrerns.. Remember that the authors concusion is reached using only the
infroamtion on the pafe in fron tfo you so any gaps in the languae or in
step 3: Act - ANSWER The particular strategy you'll use to answer a given question will be
determined by the type of question beign aske.Each quesiton task will have different critieria
for what constitiues an acceptable answer. you'll want to think about that before goin to the
choices
the test writiers rely on the fact that the people who are taking the lsat feel pressured to get
through all the questions quickly. many answr choices will seem appealing if you dont have a
clear idea of what youre looking for before you start reading through them. the best wasy to
keep yourself from falling into this trap is to predict what the right answer will say or do before
you even look at the chocies and write that prediciotn down on your scratch paper
step 4: answer using the process of elimination - ANSWER we first mentioned process of
eliminaiton in chapter its a key to succes on every section ofthe last , especially argument and
reading comprehension
main point questions - ANSWER these questions are relatively rare, but because finding
the main point is essential to answering most other argument questions correctly, it is a good
place to start
The argument: main point question : what is the conclusion :mayor mckinney's policies have
when been criticized on the grounds that they beenfit only weahhy city resdients but what is
not a fair evaluation. some of ,mckennys policies have clearly benefited the citys less affluent
residents. Mckinney activley supported last years proposal to lower the cits high property
taxes. because of this tax decrease maore development is taking place in the city, helping to
end the housing shortage and stabilize the rents in the city - ANSWER the conclusion:
mayor mckinney policies ahve often been criticized on the grounds that they benefit only
wealthy city reisdents but that is not a fair evalutiaotn
main point question : mayor mckinney : what is the primeses ? - ANSWER lover the cits
high property taxes , more development is taking place
heloing to end the housing shortage and stablilze the rents