1
NUR 641E final|COMPLETE FREQUENTLY
MOST TESTED QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS/ALREADY GREADED
A+ |GET IT 100% ACCURATE!!
Pharmacokinetics involves - (ANSWER)absorption, distribution, metabolism and
elimination).
Absorption: - (ANSWER)absorption from the administration site either directly or
indirectly into the blood/plasma.
Distribution: - (ANSWER)reversibly or irreversibly move from the bloodstream
into the interstitial and intracellular
Metabolism: - (ANSWER)biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by other
tissues.
Elimination: - (ANSWER)tissues. lastly, the drug and its metabolites are
eliminated from the body.
route of administration with the highest bioavailability - (ANSWER)intravenous;
putting entire dose into a patient's vein and bypassing absorption.
avoids first-pass metabolism - (ANSWER)Intravenous route
,2
administration has variable and erratic absorption. n - (ANSWER)Rectal
administration
4. Steady state (SS) - (ANSWER)absorption. n is usually reached within 4-5 half-
lives of drug.
Half-life of a drug is - (ANSWER)how long it takes for half the drug to be excreted
from the body. Determines how frequently the drug must be administered.
Predicts how long toxic effects can last.is constant with first-order
pharmacokinetics of a drug.
Zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics - (ANSWER)means a drug is metabolized
at a constant rate per unit time.
CYP3A4 substrate drugs - (ANSWER)may have enhanced activity if any CYP3A4
inducer drugs are used along with it.
Drug development process involves these steps according to the FDA: -
(ANSWER)Discovery: laboratory research to develop the new drug. Preclinical
research with animal testing for safety (Phase I). Clinical research on human
subjects for medication safety (Phase II). Clinical research in humans comparing
the new drug to accepted medications placebo depending on the study (Phase III).
FDA review of the results to determine approval. Post marketing study to identify
adverse effects not found in earlier clinical studies (Phase IV)
, 3
2. Medication safety organizations - (ANSWER)The Institute for Safe Medication
Practices (ISMP) The Institute of Medicine (IOM) The Joint Commission The
National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention
(NCC MERP) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safe Use Initiative
Two basic type of ADRS: - (ANSWER)pharmacological and idiosyncratic.
85% to 90% of ADRS - (ANSWER)are pharmacological.
Adverse drug reactions are usually preventable, - (ANSWER)frequently occur in a
hospital or nursing home setting, and include medication errors, adverse drug
effects, and allergic idiosyncratic type reactions.
ADRS are not commonly reported; - (ANSWER)the FDA does not mandate that
ADRS be reported.
Polypharmacy - (ANSWER)involves using multiple health care providers for care,
using multiple medications, and using several pharmacies prescription filling.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIS): - (ANSWER)lisinopril, captopril,
enalapril, ramipril, benazepril, fosinopril.
ACEIS reduce blood pressure enzyme. - (ANSWER)by suppressing the release of
angiotensin-converting enzyme.
NUR 641E final|COMPLETE FREQUENTLY
MOST TESTED QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS/ALREADY GREADED
A+ |GET IT 100% ACCURATE!!
Pharmacokinetics involves - (ANSWER)absorption, distribution, metabolism and
elimination).
Absorption: - (ANSWER)absorption from the administration site either directly or
indirectly into the blood/plasma.
Distribution: - (ANSWER)reversibly or irreversibly move from the bloodstream
into the interstitial and intracellular
Metabolism: - (ANSWER)biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by other
tissues.
Elimination: - (ANSWER)tissues. lastly, the drug and its metabolites are
eliminated from the body.
route of administration with the highest bioavailability - (ANSWER)intravenous;
putting entire dose into a patient's vein and bypassing absorption.
avoids first-pass metabolism - (ANSWER)Intravenous route
,2
administration has variable and erratic absorption. n - (ANSWER)Rectal
administration
4. Steady state (SS) - (ANSWER)absorption. n is usually reached within 4-5 half-
lives of drug.
Half-life of a drug is - (ANSWER)how long it takes for half the drug to be excreted
from the body. Determines how frequently the drug must be administered.
Predicts how long toxic effects can last.is constant with first-order
pharmacokinetics of a drug.
Zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics - (ANSWER)means a drug is metabolized
at a constant rate per unit time.
CYP3A4 substrate drugs - (ANSWER)may have enhanced activity if any CYP3A4
inducer drugs are used along with it.
Drug development process involves these steps according to the FDA: -
(ANSWER)Discovery: laboratory research to develop the new drug. Preclinical
research with animal testing for safety (Phase I). Clinical research on human
subjects for medication safety (Phase II). Clinical research in humans comparing
the new drug to accepted medications placebo depending on the study (Phase III).
FDA review of the results to determine approval. Post marketing study to identify
adverse effects not found in earlier clinical studies (Phase IV)
, 3
2. Medication safety organizations - (ANSWER)The Institute for Safe Medication
Practices (ISMP) The Institute of Medicine (IOM) The Joint Commission The
National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention
(NCC MERP) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safe Use Initiative
Two basic type of ADRS: - (ANSWER)pharmacological and idiosyncratic.
85% to 90% of ADRS - (ANSWER)are pharmacological.
Adverse drug reactions are usually preventable, - (ANSWER)frequently occur in a
hospital or nursing home setting, and include medication errors, adverse drug
effects, and allergic idiosyncratic type reactions.
ADRS are not commonly reported; - (ANSWER)the FDA does not mandate that
ADRS be reported.
Polypharmacy - (ANSWER)involves using multiple health care providers for care,
using multiple medications, and using several pharmacies prescription filling.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIS): - (ANSWER)lisinopril, captopril,
enalapril, ramipril, benazepril, fosinopril.
ACEIS reduce blood pressure enzyme. - (ANSWER)by suppressing the release of
angiotensin-converting enzyme.
