CCII EXAM 2 2025|COMPLETE EXAM SET (questions and verified answers) FREQUENTLY MOST
TESTED QUESTIONS |already graded A+|100% passed!!
What are some complex urinary care topics? - correct answer CAUTI, renal stones,
pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, and BPH.
What is the primary focus of CAUTI prevention? - correct answer Consider non-invasive
measures first, avoid contamination, maintain unobstructed flow, and remove catheters as
soon as possible.
What are non-invasive measures for urinary care? - correct answer PureWick, condom
catheter, and straight catheter.
What is urolithiasis? - correct answer The presence of calculi (stones) in the urinary tract.
What metabolic risk factors contribute to urolithiasis? - correct answer Dehydration, family
history, obesity, diabetes, and gout.
How does diet influence the risk of urolithiasis? - correct answer Increased sodium intake can
elevate the risk of stone formation.
What are the key assessment cues for urolithiasis? - correct answer History of urologic stones,
pain, bladder distention, vital signs, and signs of shock.
What diagnostic tests are used for urolithiasis? - correct answer Urinalysis, WBC count, and CT
scans.
What should be recognized as an emergency in urinary tract conditions? - correct answer
Urinary tract obstruction must be treated to preserve kidney function.
What interventions are used for managing pain in urinary conditions? - correct answer IV
opioids and NSAIDs such as ketorolac.
What are the signs of shock to assess in urinary conditions? - correct answer Changes in vital
signs indicating decreased blood flow or organ perfusion.
What is the role of diet history in assessing urinary conditions? - correct answer It helps identify
potential dietary causes or contributors to stone formation.
What past treatment history is important in urinary assessments? - correct answer Previous
treatments for stone formation can inform current management strategies.
What are the two main categories of management for kidney stones? - correct answer
Nonsurgical management and surgical management.
What is the purpose of drug therapy in nonsurgical management of kidney stones? - correct
answer To prevent infection and facilitate stone passage.
,What type of drug is Tamsulosin and what is its role in kidney stone management? - correct
answer Tamsulosin is an alpha blocker that relaxes smooth muscle in the ureters to help stones
pass.
What is lithotripsy? - correct answer A procedure that uses sound, laser, or dry shock waves to
break kidney stones into smaller fragments.
What is ureteroscopy? - correct answer An endoscopic procedure where a scope is passed
through the urethra and bladder into the ureter.
What is the purpose of stenting in the management of kidney stones? - correct answer To
dilate the ureter and enlarge the passageway for stones or stone fragments.
What complications should be monitored after surgical management of kidney stones? - correct
answer Bleeding, infection, and nephrostomy tube drainage.
What is a percutaneous ureterolithotomy? - correct answer A surgical procedure to remove a
stone in the ureter or kidney through the skin.
How can infection be prevented in patients with kidney stones? - correct answer By
administering antibiotics and maintaining proper nutrition and fluid intake.
What fluid intake is recommended to prevent obstruction in kidney stone patients? - correct
answer Encourage 2-3 liters of fluids daily.
What is pyelonephritis? - correct answer A bacterial infection that starts in the bladder and
moves upward to infect the kidneys.
What are the common causes of acute pyelonephritis? - correct answer Bacterial infection with
or without obstruction or reflux, commonly caused by Escherichia coli or Enterococcus faecalis.
Who is most at risk for developing pyelonephritis? - correct answer Young females who are
sexually active and pregnant females in the second and third trimesters.
What are the signs and symptoms of acute pyelonephritis? - correct answer Flank pain, fever,
chills, and abdominal/colicky pain.
What are some chronic signs of pyelonephritis? - correct answer Hypertension, inability to
conserve sodium, decreased urine-concentrating ability, hyperkalemia, and acidosis.
What laboratory assessments are used for diagnosing pyelonephritis? - correct answer
Urinalysis, blood cultures, WBC count with differential, C-reactive protein, ESR, BUN, creatinine,
and GFR.
What imaging techniques are used to diagnose pyelonephritis? - correct answer KUB x-ray or
CT scans.
, What is the primary goal in managing pain for pyelonephritis patients? - correct answer To
reduce pain and fever using medications like acetaminophen and antibiotics.
What is pyelolithotomy? - correct answer A surgical procedure for stone removal from the
kidney.
What are the key components of self-management education for pyelonephritis patients? -
correct answer Understanding drug regimens, nutrition, fluid intake, chronic urinary catheter
care, activity/rest balance, and signs of disease recurrence.
What is acute glomerulonephritis? - correct answer Injury and inflammation to the glomerulus,
often secondary to an infectious cause.
What should be assessed in a patient with suspected acute glomerulonephritis? - correct
answer Recent infections, changes in urine color, volume, clarity, or odor, and signs of edema.
What physical assessment signs indicate fluid volume overload in glomerulonephritis? - correct
answer Edema in the face, eyelids, and hands.
What should be monitored regarding blood pressure in patients with glomerulonephritis? -
correct answer Changes due to fluid retention.
What laboratory assessments are used for kidney function evaluation? - correct answer
Urinalysis, 24-hour urine collection, serum albumin, serum creatinine, BUN/GFR.
What is a key diagnostic procedure for kidney issues? - correct answer Kidney biopsy.
What medications are used to manage infections in Acute Glomerulonephritis? - correct
answer Penicillin, erythromycin, or azithromycin.
What types of drugs may be used to suppress immune responses in Acute Glomerulonephritis?
- correct answer Corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs such as cyclosporine and
cyclophosphamide.
What interventions are prescribed for patients with fluid overload in Acute Glomerulonephritis?
- correct answer Diuretics and sodium and water restrictions.
What dietary restrictions may be necessary for patients with oliguria in Acute
Glomerulonephritis? - correct answer Potassium and protein intake may be restricted to
prevent hyperkalemia and uremia.
What is a common symptom of Chronic Glomerulonephritis? - correct answer Mild proteinuria,
hematuria, hypertension, fatigue, and edema.
What is the typical progression of Chronic Glomerulonephritis? - correct answer It develops
over years to decades.
TESTED QUESTIONS |already graded A+|100% passed!!
What are some complex urinary care topics? - correct answer CAUTI, renal stones,
pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, and BPH.
What is the primary focus of CAUTI prevention? - correct answer Consider non-invasive
measures first, avoid contamination, maintain unobstructed flow, and remove catheters as
soon as possible.
What are non-invasive measures for urinary care? - correct answer PureWick, condom
catheter, and straight catheter.
What is urolithiasis? - correct answer The presence of calculi (stones) in the urinary tract.
What metabolic risk factors contribute to urolithiasis? - correct answer Dehydration, family
history, obesity, diabetes, and gout.
How does diet influence the risk of urolithiasis? - correct answer Increased sodium intake can
elevate the risk of stone formation.
What are the key assessment cues for urolithiasis? - correct answer History of urologic stones,
pain, bladder distention, vital signs, and signs of shock.
What diagnostic tests are used for urolithiasis? - correct answer Urinalysis, WBC count, and CT
scans.
What should be recognized as an emergency in urinary tract conditions? - correct answer
Urinary tract obstruction must be treated to preserve kidney function.
What interventions are used for managing pain in urinary conditions? - correct answer IV
opioids and NSAIDs such as ketorolac.
What are the signs of shock to assess in urinary conditions? - correct answer Changes in vital
signs indicating decreased blood flow or organ perfusion.
What is the role of diet history in assessing urinary conditions? - correct answer It helps identify
potential dietary causes or contributors to stone formation.
What past treatment history is important in urinary assessments? - correct answer Previous
treatments for stone formation can inform current management strategies.
What are the two main categories of management for kidney stones? - correct answer
Nonsurgical management and surgical management.
What is the purpose of drug therapy in nonsurgical management of kidney stones? - correct
answer To prevent infection and facilitate stone passage.
,What type of drug is Tamsulosin and what is its role in kidney stone management? - correct
answer Tamsulosin is an alpha blocker that relaxes smooth muscle in the ureters to help stones
pass.
What is lithotripsy? - correct answer A procedure that uses sound, laser, or dry shock waves to
break kidney stones into smaller fragments.
What is ureteroscopy? - correct answer An endoscopic procedure where a scope is passed
through the urethra and bladder into the ureter.
What is the purpose of stenting in the management of kidney stones? - correct answer To
dilate the ureter and enlarge the passageway for stones or stone fragments.
What complications should be monitored after surgical management of kidney stones? - correct
answer Bleeding, infection, and nephrostomy tube drainage.
What is a percutaneous ureterolithotomy? - correct answer A surgical procedure to remove a
stone in the ureter or kidney through the skin.
How can infection be prevented in patients with kidney stones? - correct answer By
administering antibiotics and maintaining proper nutrition and fluid intake.
What fluid intake is recommended to prevent obstruction in kidney stone patients? - correct
answer Encourage 2-3 liters of fluids daily.
What is pyelonephritis? - correct answer A bacterial infection that starts in the bladder and
moves upward to infect the kidneys.
What are the common causes of acute pyelonephritis? - correct answer Bacterial infection with
or without obstruction or reflux, commonly caused by Escherichia coli or Enterococcus faecalis.
Who is most at risk for developing pyelonephritis? - correct answer Young females who are
sexually active and pregnant females in the second and third trimesters.
What are the signs and symptoms of acute pyelonephritis? - correct answer Flank pain, fever,
chills, and abdominal/colicky pain.
What are some chronic signs of pyelonephritis? - correct answer Hypertension, inability to
conserve sodium, decreased urine-concentrating ability, hyperkalemia, and acidosis.
What laboratory assessments are used for diagnosing pyelonephritis? - correct answer
Urinalysis, blood cultures, WBC count with differential, C-reactive protein, ESR, BUN, creatinine,
and GFR.
What imaging techniques are used to diagnose pyelonephritis? - correct answer KUB x-ray or
CT scans.
, What is the primary goal in managing pain for pyelonephritis patients? - correct answer To
reduce pain and fever using medications like acetaminophen and antibiotics.
What is pyelolithotomy? - correct answer A surgical procedure for stone removal from the
kidney.
What are the key components of self-management education for pyelonephritis patients? -
correct answer Understanding drug regimens, nutrition, fluid intake, chronic urinary catheter
care, activity/rest balance, and signs of disease recurrence.
What is acute glomerulonephritis? - correct answer Injury and inflammation to the glomerulus,
often secondary to an infectious cause.
What should be assessed in a patient with suspected acute glomerulonephritis? - correct
answer Recent infections, changes in urine color, volume, clarity, or odor, and signs of edema.
What physical assessment signs indicate fluid volume overload in glomerulonephritis? - correct
answer Edema in the face, eyelids, and hands.
What should be monitored regarding blood pressure in patients with glomerulonephritis? -
correct answer Changes due to fluid retention.
What laboratory assessments are used for kidney function evaluation? - correct answer
Urinalysis, 24-hour urine collection, serum albumin, serum creatinine, BUN/GFR.
What is a key diagnostic procedure for kidney issues? - correct answer Kidney biopsy.
What medications are used to manage infections in Acute Glomerulonephritis? - correct
answer Penicillin, erythromycin, or azithromycin.
What types of drugs may be used to suppress immune responses in Acute Glomerulonephritis?
- correct answer Corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs such as cyclosporine and
cyclophosphamide.
What interventions are prescribed for patients with fluid overload in Acute Glomerulonephritis?
- correct answer Diuretics and sodium and water restrictions.
What dietary restrictions may be necessary for patients with oliguria in Acute
Glomerulonephritis? - correct answer Potassium and protein intake may be restricted to
prevent hyperkalemia and uremia.
What is a common symptom of Chronic Glomerulonephritis? - correct answer Mild proteinuria,
hematuria, hypertension, fatigue, and edema.
What is the typical progression of Chronic Glomerulonephritis? - correct answer It develops
over years to decades.
