PORTFOLIO October November 2025
Due Date: 21 October 2025
Detailed solutions, explanations, workings
and references.
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, INTRODUCTION
This portfolio focuses on the role and responsibilities of local government in South
Africa, with specific attention to community participation, ethical conduct of municipal
officials, and sources of revenue for municipalities. Local government is the sphere
closest to the people, and it plays a critical role in providing basic services,
promoting social development, and ensuring democratic participation. For this
reason, it is important to understand how communities can be involved in
development planning and how officials should act in line with the Code of Conduct.
At the same time, municipalities need sustainable revenue sources to fund service
delivery and development programmes. This portfolio will therefore examine ways in
which communities engage in planning processes, outline the statutory provisions of
the Code of Conduct for municipal officials with practical examples, and discuss the
different sources of local government revenue. The discussion will combine theory
with real examples to show practical application.
QUESTION 1 : COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
PLANNING AT THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SPHERE IN SOUTH AFRICA
1. Introduction
Local government in South Africa plays a critical role in promoting social and
economic development within communities. The Constitution of the Republic of
South Africa, 1996, places public participation at the centre of democratic
governance, ensuring that citizens are not only recipients of services but also active
participants in shaping policies and programmes that affect their lives. Community
involvement in social development planning helps municipalities design policies that
respond to real needs, foster accountability, and build trust between government and
citizens (Reddy, 2016). This section identifies and describes the ways in which
communities can participate in local governance, supported by practical examples.
2. The Legal and Policy Framework for Community Involvement
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, 2.1 Constitutional Basis
The Constitution, in sections 152 and 195, states that local government must
encourage the involvement of communities in matters of local governance.
Municipalities are required to ensure accountability and transparency by creating
opportunities for public input into decision-making processes (De Visser, 2009).
2.2 Municipal Systems Act 32 of 2000
The Act provides guidelines for public participation in municipal planning, budgeting,
and performance management. Municipal councils are expected to develop
mechanisms to consult and engage local communities when making policy and
implementing programmes (Draai & Raga, 2012).
2.3 Integrated Development Planning (IDP) Framework
The IDP is a strategic tool through which municipalities align their development goals
with community needs. The law requires public participation in the drafting and
review of IDPs, making it one of the most important platforms for community
involvement (Pieterse, 2002).
3. Mechanisms of Community Involvement in Social Development Planning
3.1 Integrated Development Plan (IDP) Participation
The IDP process is the main way communities take part in municipal planning.
Citizens attend IDP forums and consultative meetings where they can raise
concerns, suggest projects, and prioritise needs. For example, in the eThekwini
Municipality, IDP hearings bring together ward committees, NGOs, and ordinary
residents to identify development priorities such as housing, sanitation, and road
maintenance (Sibanda, 2011).
3.2 Ward Committees
Ward committees serve as a link between communities and the municipal council.
These committees provide a platform for residents to raise service delivery concerns,
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