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PUB2614 PORTFOLIO (DETAILED ANSWERS) October November 2025 - DISTINCTION GUARANTEED

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PUB2614 PORTFOLIO (DETAILED ANSWERS) October November 2025 - DISTINCTION GUARANTEED - DISTINCTION GUARANTEED - DISTINCTION GUARANTEED Answers, guidelines, workings and references ,... OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2025 PORTFOLIO PUB2614 LOCAL GOVERNMENT MANAGEMENT II 100 Marks Due date: Tuesday, 21 October 2025, 4:00 PM First examiner: Mr. BC Lekonyane Second examiner: Prof WN Webb This portfolio question paper consists of three (3) pages. Instructions: You are expected to evaluate, critically analyse and apply the information in your study material. You therefore need to deliver well-structured and well-presented arguments and solutions. Be wary of making statements without substantiating and motivating them. It is essential to provide practical examples of the application of theory in the public sector. Please note that you are not allowed to copy content from sources verbatim as this would constitute plagiarism, which is a disciplinary offense. You therefore must re-write the content in your own words. You may use extra information sources. You must not communicate with fellow students regarding your submission. No group work will be accepted, and cases of misconduct will be referred to the relevant Academic Integrity Sub-committee for investigation. Your marks will be affected negatively should plagiarism be detected, or should you use non-academic sources. The use of any Artificial Intelligence Tools such as ChatGPT to generate answers are strictly prohibited and will be considered as a contravention of Academic Integrity. NOTE: At least 30% of the marks are allocated to the application of the theory. Please submit your Portfolio online on the myModules platform. QUESTION 1 According to section 152(1)(e) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996), one of the objects of local government is to encourage the involvement of communities and community organisations in the matters of local government”. These “matters” include the administration, budgeting and planning for the promotion of social and economic development. Identify and discuss ways in which communities can be involved in the planning for social development in a municipality of your choice and illustrate with the use of real-life examples. [50] QUESTION 2 2.1 Discuss the changing role of local government by focusing on: (a) The reasons for which a system of local government must be maintained. (b) Changing circumstances that local governments experience. (c) Challenges that democratic local governments are faced with. Illustrate with the use of suitable examples. (25) 2.2 Discuss the provisions of the Code of Conduct for officials as contained in schedule 2 of the Local Government: Municipal Systems Act 32 of (2000) and illustrate with the use of examples. (25) [50]You are expected in this online examination to evaluate, critically analyse and apply the information in your study material. You therefore need to deliver well-structured and wellpresented arguments and solutions. Be wary of making statements without substantiating and motivating them. It is essential to provide practical examples of the application of theory in the public sector. Please note that you are not allowed to copy content from sources verbatim. This is plagiarism which is a disciplinary offense. You have to re-write the content in your own words. You may use extra information sources. Note that Wikipedia, Facebook and YouTube are not academic sources. You must not communicate with fellow students during the examination. No group work will be accepted. Cases of misconduct will be referred to the relevant Academic Integrity Sub-committee for investigation. Your marks will be affected negatively should plagiarism be detected, or should you use non-academic sources. Your submitted examination answer will be marked by assessing the clarity of thoughts, use of contents to support arguments and ability to clearly explain how practical examples relate to the examination question. NOTE: At least 30% of the marks are allocated to the application of the theory. Please make sure the grammar, expression and general use of the English language are correct. Remember that poor grammar and presentation may negatively affect the way your work is perceived by the assessor. Please submit your examination answer on myUnisa by using the Assessment Info tool. QUESTION 1 Effective local government requires effective policy for the execution of functions. The influence of the values of leading officials on policy implementation should not be underestimated. However, there is one responsibility that all leading officials share and that receives the highest priority: increasing the effectiveness of local government. Discuss the factors that influence the effectiveness of a local government and illustrate with the use of practical examples to demonstrate understanding. [50] QUESTION 2 List five (5) sources of revenue for local government. Provide practical examples to demonstrate your understanding of each source. Policy-making is not a phenomenon that is restricted to a local government council, List and describe the statutory provisions of the Code of Conduct for officials as contained in schedule 2 of the Local Government: Municipal Systems Act 32 of 2000. To demonstrate your understanding, provide practical and real case examples of municipal officials that did not comply with these guidelines. for even officials at the lowest levels of the hierarchical structure of a local government may be involved in this process. The relationship between councillors and officials of a local government should lead to the formation of a partnership in the process of effective government and management at the sphere of local government 2.1 Discuss in detail the policy-making process in local government. Provide practical examples to demonstrate understanding. (25) 2.2 Identify and describe the ways in which local communities can be involved in social development planning at the local government sphere. Refer to practical examples to demonstrate your understanding of community involvement. Discuss the guidelines that are applicable to councillors and their relationship with municipal officials. Use practical examples to demonstrate understanding. (25) [50]QUESTION 1 Effective local government requires effective policy for the execution of functions. The influence of the values of leading officials on policy implementation should not be underestimated. However, there is one responsibility that all leading officials share and that receives the highest priority: increasing the effectiveness of local government. Discuss the factors that influence the effectiveness of a local government and illustrate with the use of practical examples to demonstrate understanding. [50] QUESTION 2 Policy-making is not a phenomenon that is restricted to a local government council, List and describe the statutory provisions of the Code of Conduct for officials as contained in schedule 2 of the Local Government: Municipal Systems Act 32 of 2000. To demonstrate your understanding, provide practical and real case examples of municipal officials that did not comply with these guidelines. for even officials at the lowest levels of the hierarchical structure of a local government may be involved in this process. The relationship between councillors and officials of a local government should lead to the formation of a partnership in the process of effective government and management at the sphere of local government 2.1 Discuss in detail the policy-making process in local government. Provide practical examples to demonstrate understanding. (25) BList five (5) sources of revenue for local government. Provide practical examples to demonstrate your understanding of each source. 2.2 Discuss the guidelines that are applicable to councillors and their relationship with municipal officials. Use practical examples to demonstrate understanding. Identify and describe the ways in which local communities can be involved in social development planning at the local government sphere. Refer to practical examples to demonstrate your understanding of community involvement. [50] List five (5) sources of revenue for local government. Provide practical examples to demonstrate your understanding of each source.

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PUB2614
PORTFOLIO October November 2025

Due Date: 21 October 2025

Detailed solutions, explanations, workings
and references.

+27 81 278 3372

, INTRODUCTION

This portfolio focuses on the role and responsibilities of local government in South
Africa, with specific attention to community participation, ethical conduct of municipal
officials, and sources of revenue for municipalities. Local government is the sphere
closest to the people, and it plays a critical role in providing basic services,
promoting social development, and ensuring democratic participation. For this
reason, it is important to understand how communities can be involved in
development planning and how officials should act in line with the Code of Conduct.
At the same time, municipalities need sustainable revenue sources to fund service
delivery and development programmes. This portfolio will therefore examine ways in
which communities engage in planning processes, outline the statutory provisions of
the Code of Conduct for municipal officials with practical examples, and discuss the
different sources of local government revenue. The discussion will combine theory
with real examples to show practical application.




QUESTION 1 : COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
PLANNING AT THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SPHERE IN SOUTH AFRICA

1. Introduction

Local government in South Africa plays a critical role in promoting social and
economic development within communities. The Constitution of the Republic of
South Africa, 1996, places public participation at the centre of democratic
governance, ensuring that citizens are not only recipients of services but also active
participants in shaping policies and programmes that affect their lives. Community
involvement in social development planning helps municipalities design policies that
respond to real needs, foster accountability, and build trust between government and
citizens (Reddy, 2016). This section identifies and describes the ways in which
communities can participate in local governance, supported by practical examples.




2. The Legal and Policy Framework for Community Involvement



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, 2.1 Constitutional Basis

The Constitution, in sections 152 and 195, states that local government must
encourage the involvement of communities in matters of local governance.
Municipalities are required to ensure accountability and transparency by creating
opportunities for public input into decision-making processes (De Visser, 2009).

2.2 Municipal Systems Act 32 of 2000

The Act provides guidelines for public participation in municipal planning, budgeting,
and performance management. Municipal councils are expected to develop
mechanisms to consult and engage local communities when making policy and
implementing programmes (Draai & Raga, 2012).

2.3 Integrated Development Planning (IDP) Framework

The IDP is a strategic tool through which municipalities align their development goals
with community needs. The law requires public participation in the drafting and
review of IDPs, making it one of the most important platforms for community
involvement (Pieterse, 2002).




3. Mechanisms of Community Involvement in Social Development Planning

3.1 Integrated Development Plan (IDP) Participation

The IDP process is the main way communities take part in municipal planning.
Citizens attend IDP forums and consultative meetings where they can raise
concerns, suggest projects, and prioritise needs. For example, in the eThekwini
Municipality, IDP hearings bring together ward committees, NGOs, and ordinary
residents to identify development priorities such as housing, sanitation, and road
maintenance (Sibanda, 2011).

3.2 Ward Committees

Ward committees serve as a link between communities and the municipal council.
These committees provide a platform for residents to raise service delivery concerns,



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