October November 2025 PORTFOLIO
2 2025
Unique Number:
Due date: 21 October 2025
INTRODUCTION
This portfolio focuses on the role and responsibilities of local government in South Africa,
with specific attention to community participation, ethical conduct of municipal officials, and
sources of revenue for municipalities. Local government is the sphere closest to the people,
and it plays a critical role in providing basic services, promoting social development, and
ensuring democratic participation. For this reason, it is important to understand how
communities can be involved in development planning and how officials should act in line
with the Code of Conduct. At the same time, municipalities need sustainable revenue
sources to fund service delivery and development programmes. This portfolio will therefore
examine ways in which communities engage in planning processes, outline the statutory
provisions of the Code of Conduct for municipal officials with practical examples, and
discuss the different sources of local government revenue. The discussion will combine
theory with real examples to show practical application.
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INTRODUCTION
This portfolio focuses on the role and responsibilities of local government in South
Africa, with specific attention to community participation, ethical conduct of municipal
officials, and sources of revenue for municipalities. Local government is the sphere
closest to the people, and it plays a critical role in providing basic services,
promoting social development, and ensuring democratic participation. For this
reason, it is important to understand how communities can be involved in
development planning and how officials should act in line with the Code of Conduct.
At the same time, municipalities need sustainable revenue sources to fund service
delivery and development programmes. This portfolio will therefore examine ways in
which communities engage in planning processes, outline the statutory provisions of
the Code of Conduct for municipal officials with practical examples, and discuss the
different sources of local government revenue. The discussion will combine theory
with real examples to show practical application.
QUESTION 1 : COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
PLANNING AT THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SPHERE IN SOUTH AFRICA
1. Introduction
Local government in South Africa plays a critical role in promoting social and
economic development within communities. The Constitution of the Republic of
South Africa, 1996, places public participation at the centre of democratic
governance, ensuring that citizens are not only recipients of services but also active
participants in shaping policies and programmes that affect their lives. Community
involvement in social development planning helps municipalities design policies that
respond to real needs, foster accountability, and build trust between government and
citizens (Reddy, 2016). This section identifies and describes the ways in which
communities can participate in local governance, supported by practical examples.
2. The Legal and Policy Framework for Community Involvement