ATR 257 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
Inflammation - Answer -redness (rubor), swelling (tumor), pain (dolor), warmth (calor),
loss of function (function laesa)
Acute Inflammatory Response - Answer -lasts 3-5 days
Steps: injury, vasoconstriction, vasodilation, swelling, increase vascular permeability,
more swelling, healing cells arrive, inflammation, phagocytosis
Vasoconstriction - Answer -blood vessel constriction; results in decreased blood flow to
the area of injury; lasts for 5-10 minutes
Secondary Hypoxic Injury - Answer -death od healthy cells due to decreased oxygen
supply
Vasodilation - Answer -blood vessels dilation; results in more blood coming into the
injured area; 2x diameter = 4x blood flow; increased blood flow results in swelling
Repair & Remodeling Phase - Answer -overlaps AIR; lasts for weeks to months
depending on injury severity
Maturation Phase - Answer -final step; overlaps R&R; lasts for months to a year or
more
Management of Injury - Answer -immediate management is designed to control AIR;
RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)
Rest - Answer -24 hrs
Absolute: no activity
Relative: no strenuous activity
Ice - Answer -directly to injury for 12-20 minutes for 72-100 hrs following injury; never
apply chemical cold pack directly to skin
Compression - Answer -wrap from distal to proximal; pressure gradient decreases as
wrap moves proximally; remove for sleep
Elevation - Answer -above heart; gravity causes swelling; called a gravity dependent
position
1st Priority: Immediate Life Threatening? - Answer -Use LOC-ABC
LOC?
difficult respiration?
difficult circulation?
, Determining level of Consciousness - Answer -AVPU
pt. Alert, responds to Verbal stimulus, responds to Painful stimulus, Unresponsive
Determining status of Respiration & Circulation - Answer -ABC
Airway: head tilt, chin lift
Breathing: chest rise, listen, feel breath on cheek
Circulation: check pulse & major bleeding
All coaches should know? - Answer -First Aid & CPR
Rescue breaths: 1 br / 5 sec
CPR: cont. compr. for 1 min
Consc. choking: encourage coughing
Unconsc. choking: 30 abd. thrusts & 2 br.
2nd Priority: Potentially Life Threatening? - Answer -major bleeding? abnormal BP?
abn. pulse? abn. respiration? abn. temp?
3rd Priority: Limb Threatening? - Answer -major bleeding? loss of distal pulse? loss of
distal sensation?
4th Priority: Non-life/limb Threatening - Answer -Secondary survey: vitals, other E!
signs, head to toe eval, SAMPLE history
Pulse - Answer -normal resting = 80
take distal of injury (presense, rate, quality); DON'T use thumb
Respiration - Answer -normal resting= 12-14
hand on back & count rise & fall (presence, rate, quality)
Blood Pressure - Answer -normal resting= 120/80
BP cuff on R arm
high BP above 130/90
Pupil Response - Answer -PERRL
Pupils should be Equal, Round, & Reactive to Light
Skin - Answer -consistent color, assess temp. w/ back of hand & should be consistent,
temp. should= 98.6*F via oral themometer
Head to Toe Evaluation - Answer -blood or fluid from nose/ears, major bleeding,
obvious deformity, swelling, skin wounds, discoloration (ecchymosis)
Distal Pulse, Capillary Refill, Sensation, & Motor Function @ all 4 Extremities - Answer
-~upper ext.= radial pulse
~lower ext.= posterior tibial pulse (behind medial ankle bone)
~push on a nail, should turn white then return to normal color w/in 1-2 sec after release
Inflammation - Answer -redness (rubor), swelling (tumor), pain (dolor), warmth (calor),
loss of function (function laesa)
Acute Inflammatory Response - Answer -lasts 3-5 days
Steps: injury, vasoconstriction, vasodilation, swelling, increase vascular permeability,
more swelling, healing cells arrive, inflammation, phagocytosis
Vasoconstriction - Answer -blood vessel constriction; results in decreased blood flow to
the area of injury; lasts for 5-10 minutes
Secondary Hypoxic Injury - Answer -death od healthy cells due to decreased oxygen
supply
Vasodilation - Answer -blood vessels dilation; results in more blood coming into the
injured area; 2x diameter = 4x blood flow; increased blood flow results in swelling
Repair & Remodeling Phase - Answer -overlaps AIR; lasts for weeks to months
depending on injury severity
Maturation Phase - Answer -final step; overlaps R&R; lasts for months to a year or
more
Management of Injury - Answer -immediate management is designed to control AIR;
RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)
Rest - Answer -24 hrs
Absolute: no activity
Relative: no strenuous activity
Ice - Answer -directly to injury for 12-20 minutes for 72-100 hrs following injury; never
apply chemical cold pack directly to skin
Compression - Answer -wrap from distal to proximal; pressure gradient decreases as
wrap moves proximally; remove for sleep
Elevation - Answer -above heart; gravity causes swelling; called a gravity dependent
position
1st Priority: Immediate Life Threatening? - Answer -Use LOC-ABC
LOC?
difficult respiration?
difficult circulation?
, Determining level of Consciousness - Answer -AVPU
pt. Alert, responds to Verbal stimulus, responds to Painful stimulus, Unresponsive
Determining status of Respiration & Circulation - Answer -ABC
Airway: head tilt, chin lift
Breathing: chest rise, listen, feel breath on cheek
Circulation: check pulse & major bleeding
All coaches should know? - Answer -First Aid & CPR
Rescue breaths: 1 br / 5 sec
CPR: cont. compr. for 1 min
Consc. choking: encourage coughing
Unconsc. choking: 30 abd. thrusts & 2 br.
2nd Priority: Potentially Life Threatening? - Answer -major bleeding? abnormal BP?
abn. pulse? abn. respiration? abn. temp?
3rd Priority: Limb Threatening? - Answer -major bleeding? loss of distal pulse? loss of
distal sensation?
4th Priority: Non-life/limb Threatening - Answer -Secondary survey: vitals, other E!
signs, head to toe eval, SAMPLE history
Pulse - Answer -normal resting = 80
take distal of injury (presense, rate, quality); DON'T use thumb
Respiration - Answer -normal resting= 12-14
hand on back & count rise & fall (presence, rate, quality)
Blood Pressure - Answer -normal resting= 120/80
BP cuff on R arm
high BP above 130/90
Pupil Response - Answer -PERRL
Pupils should be Equal, Round, & Reactive to Light
Skin - Answer -consistent color, assess temp. w/ back of hand & should be consistent,
temp. should= 98.6*F via oral themometer
Head to Toe Evaluation - Answer -blood or fluid from nose/ears, major bleeding,
obvious deformity, swelling, skin wounds, discoloration (ecchymosis)
Distal Pulse, Capillary Refill, Sensation, & Motor Function @ all 4 Extremities - Answer
-~upper ext.= radial pulse
~lower ext.= posterior tibial pulse (behind medial ankle bone)
~push on a nail, should turn white then return to normal color w/in 1-2 sec after release
