ATR 257 - EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE
on the field examinations (2 types) - Answer -primary and secondary surveys
primary survey - Answer -done to first identify immediately life-threatening situations
what is examined for primary survey - Answer -unconscious, airway obstruction, not
breathing, no circulation, profuse bleeding
secondary survey - Answer -helps establish the nature of the injury in more detail, is
the situation potentially life-threatening
determine level of consciousness (LOC) - Answer -APVU (patient is Alert, responds to
Verbal stimulus, responds to Painful stimulus, patient is unresponsive (not responding
to both verbal or painful))
determine CAB - Answer -circulation, airway, breathing
what should be checked when assessing circulation - Answer -assess pulse, carotid
pulse at neck, 6-10 seconds
what should be checked when assessing airway - Answer -open the airway, modified
jaw thrust, life lower jaw while keeping the neck still
what should be checked when assessing breathing - Answer -look to see if chest rises,
listen for breathing in & out, feel for breath on your cheek, 6-10 seconds
determine presence of bleeding or shock - Answer -internal and external bleeding,
signs of shock
internal bleeding - Answer -difficult to establish with naked eye, may look like swelling,
may be undetectable
external bleeding - Answer -major bleeding from chest, abdomen & extremities
assessing shock - Answer -several different types of shock (primarily concerned with
hypovolemic shock), less blood is available to the tissues (cells deprived of oxygen,
widespread tissue death)
signs of shock - Answer -cool/clammy skin, weak/rapid pulse, increased respiration
rate, decreased blood pressure
, life-threatening emergencies may require ____ or _____ if LOC & CAB indicate the
need - Answer -cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or automated external defibrillator
(AED)
what determines limb-threatening injuries? - Answer -major bleeding, loss of distal
pulse, loss of distal sensation
what is examined for secondary survey - Answer -vital signs, other 'emergency' signs,
head-to-toe evaluation, SAMPLE history
assessing vital signs includes: - Answer -pulse, blood pressure, respiration
normal resting rate for pulse - Answer -60-100 bpm
normal resting rate for respiration - Answer -12-14 per minute
normal resting BP - Answer -120/80
assessing pulse - Answer -carotid, rate is 30-60 seconds, don't use thumb, pulse
increases during activity, well-conditioned athletes may have lower resting pulses, also
distal to the injury
assessing respiration - Answer -put hand on back to feel chest rise & fall, rate is 30-60
seconds, respirations increase during activity
assessing BP - Answer -use blood pressure cuff on right arm, BP increases during
activity, 130/90 is typical cutoff for high blood pressure (either number can be regulated)
elevated pulse rate, respiration rate, and low blood pressure is concern for? - Answer -
shock
assessing pupil response - Answer -pupils should be equal, round, and reactive to light
(PERRL), R & L pupils should be round, the same size, and should respond in the same
way to light (dilate in darkness, constrict in light)
assessing eye movement - Answer -should be able to smoothly follow an object in all
directions (side to side, up and down, and diagonal) with both eyes
assessing peripheral vision - Answer -should be able to see an object in the same
position on either side of the body without moving head or eyes
assessing skin color - Answer -color should be consistent, red indicated active
inflammation and blue & white both indicate lack of blood supply
on the field examinations (2 types) - Answer -primary and secondary surveys
primary survey - Answer -done to first identify immediately life-threatening situations
what is examined for primary survey - Answer -unconscious, airway obstruction, not
breathing, no circulation, profuse bleeding
secondary survey - Answer -helps establish the nature of the injury in more detail, is
the situation potentially life-threatening
determine level of consciousness (LOC) - Answer -APVU (patient is Alert, responds to
Verbal stimulus, responds to Painful stimulus, patient is unresponsive (not responding
to both verbal or painful))
determine CAB - Answer -circulation, airway, breathing
what should be checked when assessing circulation - Answer -assess pulse, carotid
pulse at neck, 6-10 seconds
what should be checked when assessing airway - Answer -open the airway, modified
jaw thrust, life lower jaw while keeping the neck still
what should be checked when assessing breathing - Answer -look to see if chest rises,
listen for breathing in & out, feel for breath on your cheek, 6-10 seconds
determine presence of bleeding or shock - Answer -internal and external bleeding,
signs of shock
internal bleeding - Answer -difficult to establish with naked eye, may look like swelling,
may be undetectable
external bleeding - Answer -major bleeding from chest, abdomen & extremities
assessing shock - Answer -several different types of shock (primarily concerned with
hypovolemic shock), less blood is available to the tissues (cells deprived of oxygen,
widespread tissue death)
signs of shock - Answer -cool/clammy skin, weak/rapid pulse, increased respiration
rate, decreased blood pressure
, life-threatening emergencies may require ____ or _____ if LOC & CAB indicate the
need - Answer -cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or automated external defibrillator
(AED)
what determines limb-threatening injuries? - Answer -major bleeding, loss of distal
pulse, loss of distal sensation
what is examined for secondary survey - Answer -vital signs, other 'emergency' signs,
head-to-toe evaluation, SAMPLE history
assessing vital signs includes: - Answer -pulse, blood pressure, respiration
normal resting rate for pulse - Answer -60-100 bpm
normal resting rate for respiration - Answer -12-14 per minute
normal resting BP - Answer -120/80
assessing pulse - Answer -carotid, rate is 30-60 seconds, don't use thumb, pulse
increases during activity, well-conditioned athletes may have lower resting pulses, also
distal to the injury
assessing respiration - Answer -put hand on back to feel chest rise & fall, rate is 30-60
seconds, respirations increase during activity
assessing BP - Answer -use blood pressure cuff on right arm, BP increases during
activity, 130/90 is typical cutoff for high blood pressure (either number can be regulated)
elevated pulse rate, respiration rate, and low blood pressure is concern for? - Answer -
shock
assessing pupil response - Answer -pupils should be equal, round, and reactive to light
(PERRL), R & L pupils should be round, the same size, and should respond in the same
way to light (dilate in darkness, constrict in light)
assessing eye movement - Answer -should be able to smoothly follow an object in all
directions (side to side, up and down, and diagonal) with both eyes
assessing peripheral vision - Answer -should be able to see an object in the same
position on either side of the body without moving head or eyes
assessing skin color - Answer -color should be consistent, red indicated active
inflammation and blue & white both indicate lack of blood supply
