PSYC 388 UNIT 7 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2025-2026
Advanced Empathy - Answers Reflects what clients imply or state incompletely
Affective Responses - Answers Focuses on a client's feelings
Behavioural Responses - Answers Focuses on a client's actions
Circular Counselling - Answers Covering the same ground over and over again in counseling
sessions
Confrontation - Answers Challenges a client to examine, modify, or control an aspect of
behavior
Contracting - Answers Process involved in reaching a goal or final outcome
Countertransference - Answers Counselor's emotional reaction or behavior projected onto the
client
Covert Rehearsal - Answers Imagining or reflecting on the desired goal
Disidentification - Answers Counselor becomes emotionally removed from the client
Dyadic Effect - Answers Reciprocal nature of self-disclosure
Functional Fixity - Answers Seeing things from one perspective or being fixated on one issue
Homework - Answers Assigned to help clients practice skills learned in counseling sessions
Humor - Answers Giving an incongruent or unexpected response to a question or situation
Immediacy - Answers Focusing on the here and now and the therapeutic relationship
Interpersonal Empathy - Answers Feeling the client's experience from their perspective
Leading - Answers Changing client perceptions with persuasive skill and direction
Objective Empathy - Answers Having knowledge about the client's problem from reputable
sources
Over Identification - Answers Counselor loses emotional distance from the client
Primary Empathy - Answers Communicating a basic understanding of what the client is feeling
Reframing - Answers Offering the client another probable and positive viewpoint on a situation
Rehearsal - Answers Getting the client to practice designated behavior
Self-Disclosure - Answers Clinicians sharing information about their lives outside the counseling
,relationship
Subjective Empathy - Answers Counselor momentarily identifying with the client through
intuitive reactions
Transference - Answers Client's projection of feelings, ideas, and desires onto the therapist
What are the key changes for the client as a counselling relationship develops? - Answers
Changes in Johari window phases
What are the four phases in the Johari window of the client? - Answers Area of free activity,
Blind-area, Avoided or hidden area, Area of unknown activity
What is the objective of the first two phases of counselling? - Answers To help clients relax and
discover blind areas
What are the key counselling skills involved in working with willing clients? - Answers Structure,
initiative, physical setting, client qualities, counselor qualities
What are the key counselling skills involved in working with resistant clients? - Answers
Anticipating resistance, using metaphors, promoting mattering
What are the five factors involved in establishing a positive counselling relationship? - Answers
Structure, initiative, physical setting, client qualities, counselor qualities
What are the categories of resistance in counselling? - Answers Amount of verbalization,
content of message, style of communication, attitude toward counselors and counselling
sessions
How can you deal with resistant clients? - Answers Anticipate resistance, use metaphors,
promote mattering
What are some techniques used by counselors? - Answers Silence, reflection, questioning,
assessing, pretending, sharing counselor's perspective.
What is the foot in the door technique? - Answers Counselor asks client to comply with minor
request, then follows up with larger request.
What is the door in face technique? - Answers Counselor asks client to do a large thing, then
follows up with a small request.
How can confrontation help clients? - Answers It can help clients gain initiative and gain a new
perspective, deny behavior, or accept confrontation as true.
Why is a counselor-client contract used? - Answers To provide a written record of goals and
course of action, act as a motivator, give a clear feeling that the problem can be solved,
empower the client, and assure regular return to counseling.
, What are the advantages of a counselor-client contract? - Answers Provides a written record,
acts as a motivator, gives a clear feeling of problem-solving, empowers the client, and assures
regular return to counseling.
What are the essential elements of a counselor-client contract? - Answers Clarifying the
purpose of counseling, discussing potential sabotage, and outlining the number of sessions.
How can clarifying the purpose of counseling be effective? - Answers It gives the sessions a
clear directive and helps the client feel that there will be an outcome.
Why is discussing potential sabotage important? - Answers It helps the client become aware of
any resistance they may have towards fulfilling the contract.
What is the purpose of outlining the number of sessions? - Answers To assure that the client
will return to counseling regularly.
What are some techniques used by counselors? - Answers Silence, reflection, questioning,
assessing, pretending, sharing counselor's perspective.
What is the foot in the door technique? - Answers Counselor asks client to comply with minor
request, then follows up with larger request.
What is the door in face technique? - Answers Counselor asks client to do a large thing, then
follows up with a small request.
How can confrontation help clients? - Answers It can help clients gain initiative and gain a new
perspective, deny behavior, or accept confrontation as true.
Why is a counselor-client contract used? - Answers To provide a written record of goals and
course of action, act as a motivator, give a clear feeling that the problem can be solved,
empower the client, and assure regular return to counseling.
What are the advantages of a counselor-client contract? - Answers Provides a written record,
acts as a motivator, gives a clear feeling of problem-solving, empowers the client, and assures
regular return to counseling.
What are the essential elements of a counselor-client contract? - Answers Clarifying the
purpose of counseling, discussing potential sabotage, and outlining the number of sessions.
How can clarifying the purpose of counseling be effective? - Answers It gives the sessions a
clear directive and helps the client feel that there will be an outcome.
Why is discussing potential sabotage important? - Answers It helps the client become aware of
any resistance they may have towards fulfilling the contract.
What is the purpose of outlining the number of sessions? - Answers To assure that the client
will return to counseling regularly.
Advanced Empathy - Answers Reflects what clients imply or state incompletely
Affective Responses - Answers Focuses on a client's feelings
Behavioural Responses - Answers Focuses on a client's actions
Circular Counselling - Answers Covering the same ground over and over again in counseling
sessions
Confrontation - Answers Challenges a client to examine, modify, or control an aspect of
behavior
Contracting - Answers Process involved in reaching a goal or final outcome
Countertransference - Answers Counselor's emotional reaction or behavior projected onto the
client
Covert Rehearsal - Answers Imagining or reflecting on the desired goal
Disidentification - Answers Counselor becomes emotionally removed from the client
Dyadic Effect - Answers Reciprocal nature of self-disclosure
Functional Fixity - Answers Seeing things from one perspective or being fixated on one issue
Homework - Answers Assigned to help clients practice skills learned in counseling sessions
Humor - Answers Giving an incongruent or unexpected response to a question or situation
Immediacy - Answers Focusing on the here and now and the therapeutic relationship
Interpersonal Empathy - Answers Feeling the client's experience from their perspective
Leading - Answers Changing client perceptions with persuasive skill and direction
Objective Empathy - Answers Having knowledge about the client's problem from reputable
sources
Over Identification - Answers Counselor loses emotional distance from the client
Primary Empathy - Answers Communicating a basic understanding of what the client is feeling
Reframing - Answers Offering the client another probable and positive viewpoint on a situation
Rehearsal - Answers Getting the client to practice designated behavior
Self-Disclosure - Answers Clinicians sharing information about their lives outside the counseling
,relationship
Subjective Empathy - Answers Counselor momentarily identifying with the client through
intuitive reactions
Transference - Answers Client's projection of feelings, ideas, and desires onto the therapist
What are the key changes for the client as a counselling relationship develops? - Answers
Changes in Johari window phases
What are the four phases in the Johari window of the client? - Answers Area of free activity,
Blind-area, Avoided or hidden area, Area of unknown activity
What is the objective of the first two phases of counselling? - Answers To help clients relax and
discover blind areas
What are the key counselling skills involved in working with willing clients? - Answers Structure,
initiative, physical setting, client qualities, counselor qualities
What are the key counselling skills involved in working with resistant clients? - Answers
Anticipating resistance, using metaphors, promoting mattering
What are the five factors involved in establishing a positive counselling relationship? - Answers
Structure, initiative, physical setting, client qualities, counselor qualities
What are the categories of resistance in counselling? - Answers Amount of verbalization,
content of message, style of communication, attitude toward counselors and counselling
sessions
How can you deal with resistant clients? - Answers Anticipate resistance, use metaphors,
promote mattering
What are some techniques used by counselors? - Answers Silence, reflection, questioning,
assessing, pretending, sharing counselor's perspective.
What is the foot in the door technique? - Answers Counselor asks client to comply with minor
request, then follows up with larger request.
What is the door in face technique? - Answers Counselor asks client to do a large thing, then
follows up with a small request.
How can confrontation help clients? - Answers It can help clients gain initiative and gain a new
perspective, deny behavior, or accept confrontation as true.
Why is a counselor-client contract used? - Answers To provide a written record of goals and
course of action, act as a motivator, give a clear feeling that the problem can be solved,
empower the client, and assure regular return to counseling.
, What are the advantages of a counselor-client contract? - Answers Provides a written record,
acts as a motivator, gives a clear feeling of problem-solving, empowers the client, and assures
regular return to counseling.
What are the essential elements of a counselor-client contract? - Answers Clarifying the
purpose of counseling, discussing potential sabotage, and outlining the number of sessions.
How can clarifying the purpose of counseling be effective? - Answers It gives the sessions a
clear directive and helps the client feel that there will be an outcome.
Why is discussing potential sabotage important? - Answers It helps the client become aware of
any resistance they may have towards fulfilling the contract.
What is the purpose of outlining the number of sessions? - Answers To assure that the client
will return to counseling regularly.
What are some techniques used by counselors? - Answers Silence, reflection, questioning,
assessing, pretending, sharing counselor's perspective.
What is the foot in the door technique? - Answers Counselor asks client to comply with minor
request, then follows up with larger request.
What is the door in face technique? - Answers Counselor asks client to do a large thing, then
follows up with a small request.
How can confrontation help clients? - Answers It can help clients gain initiative and gain a new
perspective, deny behavior, or accept confrontation as true.
Why is a counselor-client contract used? - Answers To provide a written record of goals and
course of action, act as a motivator, give a clear feeling that the problem can be solved,
empower the client, and assure regular return to counseling.
What are the advantages of a counselor-client contract? - Answers Provides a written record,
acts as a motivator, gives a clear feeling of problem-solving, empowers the client, and assures
regular return to counseling.
What are the essential elements of a counselor-client contract? - Answers Clarifying the
purpose of counseling, discussing potential sabotage, and outlining the number of sessions.
How can clarifying the purpose of counseling be effective? - Answers It gives the sessions a
clear directive and helps the client feel that there will be an outcome.
Why is discussing potential sabotage important? - Answers It helps the client become aware of
any resistance they may have towards fulfilling the contract.
What is the purpose of outlining the number of sessions? - Answers To assure that the client
will return to counseling regularly.
