NURS 316 Exam Midterm 1 Questions
and answers
Potency - ✅✅the AMOUNT of drug necessary to produce the desired effect
Efficacy - ✅✅the maximum effect that a drug can produce
What are the four (4) processes involved with the movement of drugs inside the
body? - ✅✅1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
How does the route of administration effect the action of a drug in a patient? -
✅✅• Drugs that are administered IM or SQ are absorbed by the small
capillaries fairly rapidly
• Drugs that are administered oral take the longest to be absorbed
• Drugs that are administered IV do not need to be absorbed and are instantly
absorbed
Which type of drug is excreted by the kidney with greater ease? (fat-soluble or
water-soluble) - ✅✅• Lipid soluble drugs are converted by the liver to water
soluble forms for renal excretion
• In kidneys, drugs in a lipid-soluble state will be reabsorbed back into the blood
• ***So, water soluble drugs are excreted by the kidney with greater ease
What is the primary organ responsible for drug metabolism? - ✅✅Liver
,What is the primary organ responsible for drug excretion? - ✅✅Kidney
Glomerular filtration: - ✅✅is the process that your kidneys use to filter excess
fluid and waste products out of the blood into the urine collecting tubules of the
kidney, so they may be eliminated from your body.
Tubular reabsorption: - ✅✅the process by which solutes and water are
removed from the tubular fluid and transported into the blood.
Tubular secretion: - ✅✅the transfer of materials from peritubular capillaries to
renal tubular lumen
How will drug excretion be affected in a patient with renal dysfunction? What risk
does this place on the patient? - ✅✅If patient has renal failure, then drug stays
in the body longer and the patient is at risk for drug toxicity
If someone has head trauma, will drugs pass the BBB easily or not? - ✅✅yes
they will pass the BBB more easily
first-pass effect: - ✅✅Where the portal circulation serves to protect the body
from systemic effects of ingested toxins by delivering these substances to the liver
for detoxification (concentration of drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the
systemic circulation)
, drugs absorbed from the stomach and small intestine first travel to liver before
reaching target organs. Can be bypassed via IV administration, directly into
systemic circulation
peak level: - ✅✅Highest plasma drug level that indicate the rate of absorption
trough level: - ✅✅Lowest plasma drug level that indicates the rate at which the
drug is eliminated
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS) is associated with a
profound degree of _______ deficiency. - ✅✅water
Anatomy - ✅✅what the body looks like
Physiology - ✅✅study of function of body
Pathophysiology - ✅✅abnormal changes caused by disease (patho=bad)
Pharmacology - ✅✅how a drug works on the body/what your body does to a
drug
Pharmacokinetics - ✅✅movement of medication through body after
administration (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion)
Pharmacodynamics - ✅✅the effects of drugs in the body and the mechanism of
their action.
and answers
Potency - ✅✅the AMOUNT of drug necessary to produce the desired effect
Efficacy - ✅✅the maximum effect that a drug can produce
What are the four (4) processes involved with the movement of drugs inside the
body? - ✅✅1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
How does the route of administration effect the action of a drug in a patient? -
✅✅• Drugs that are administered IM or SQ are absorbed by the small
capillaries fairly rapidly
• Drugs that are administered oral take the longest to be absorbed
• Drugs that are administered IV do not need to be absorbed and are instantly
absorbed
Which type of drug is excreted by the kidney with greater ease? (fat-soluble or
water-soluble) - ✅✅• Lipid soluble drugs are converted by the liver to water
soluble forms for renal excretion
• In kidneys, drugs in a lipid-soluble state will be reabsorbed back into the blood
• ***So, water soluble drugs are excreted by the kidney with greater ease
What is the primary organ responsible for drug metabolism? - ✅✅Liver
,What is the primary organ responsible for drug excretion? - ✅✅Kidney
Glomerular filtration: - ✅✅is the process that your kidneys use to filter excess
fluid and waste products out of the blood into the urine collecting tubules of the
kidney, so they may be eliminated from your body.
Tubular reabsorption: - ✅✅the process by which solutes and water are
removed from the tubular fluid and transported into the blood.
Tubular secretion: - ✅✅the transfer of materials from peritubular capillaries to
renal tubular lumen
How will drug excretion be affected in a patient with renal dysfunction? What risk
does this place on the patient? - ✅✅If patient has renal failure, then drug stays
in the body longer and the patient is at risk for drug toxicity
If someone has head trauma, will drugs pass the BBB easily or not? - ✅✅yes
they will pass the BBB more easily
first-pass effect: - ✅✅Where the portal circulation serves to protect the body
from systemic effects of ingested toxins by delivering these substances to the liver
for detoxification (concentration of drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the
systemic circulation)
, drugs absorbed from the stomach and small intestine first travel to liver before
reaching target organs. Can be bypassed via IV administration, directly into
systemic circulation
peak level: - ✅✅Highest plasma drug level that indicate the rate of absorption
trough level: - ✅✅Lowest plasma drug level that indicates the rate at which the
drug is eliminated
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS) is associated with a
profound degree of _______ deficiency. - ✅✅water
Anatomy - ✅✅what the body looks like
Physiology - ✅✅study of function of body
Pathophysiology - ✅✅abnormal changes caused by disease (patho=bad)
Pharmacology - ✅✅how a drug works on the body/what your body does to a
drug
Pharmacokinetics - ✅✅movement of medication through body after
administration (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion)
Pharmacodynamics - ✅✅the effects of drugs in the body and the mechanism of
their action.
