NRSG 421 FINAL EXAM - Questions With
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Terms in this set (130)
§ Stable, predictable exertional pain.
§ Doesn't increase in frequency or severity over
time.
Define angina? § Generally caused by fixed obstructive
atheromatous lesion.
§ Resolves with rest and treatment
§ May be preventable with pretreatment
§ Thrombus partially or intermittently occludes the
coronary artery.
§ S/S:
· Pain with or without radiation to arm, neck, back or
epigastric region.
· SOB
· Diaphoresis, N, lightheadedness
· Tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension or
hypertension.
Define unstable angina
· Decreased SaO2 and rhythm abnormalities
§ Because it is caused by a more significant
narrowing of the coronary artery vessel, the
symptoms are generally more pronounced and:
· Increasing with frequency
· Occurs with less provocation
· Are less likely to be resolved with treatment
· May occur at rest-HALLMARK SIGN
· Requires prompt evaluation/treatment
, · Pain with or without radiation to arm, neck, back or
epigastric region.
· SOB
· Diaphoresis, N, lightheadedness
· Tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension or
hypertension.
· Decreased SaO2 and rhythm abnormalities
S/S for unstable angina? § Because it is caused by a more significant
narrowing of the coronary artery vessel, the
symptoms are generally more pronounced and:
· Increasing with frequency
· Occurs with less provocation
· Are less likely to be resolved with treatment
· May occur at rest-HALLMARK SIGN
· Requires prompt evaluation/treatment
§ Cause:
· Thrombus partially or intermittently occludes the
coronary artery.
§ S/S:
· Very similar to unstable angina, pain may be more
Define an NSTEMI substantial, more difficult to resolve.
§ Major difference:
· Cardiac markers (enzymes) elevate to indicate
muscle damage.
· No ST segment elevation
· ST depression, T wave inversion
§ Cause:
· Thrombus fully occludes the coronary artery, ST
elevation
define a STEMI § S/S:
· Again very similar to angina, unstable angina, but
generally more severe and generally unrelieved
with basic treatment (O2, nitro, rest)
, § Pain control
§ Pain assessment- OLC CARTS
§ Nitro- check bp first before administering
§ ASA- platelet aggregation
What are treatment
§ O2 supplementation
priorities for the patient
§ Morphine (second potential for pain, continuing
that presents with ACS?
pain after nitro
§ Ultimate goal is zero pain.
§ Lead a 12 lead EKG, cardiac enzymes (troponin),
§ thrombolytics or Cath lab, get those vessels open!
o Causes vasodilation of coronary vessels
o Can drop BP precipitously, so taking BP before
Describe administration each dose is essential
of nitro SL for acute chest o One nitro SL q 5 min x 3 if pain continues. If
pain, what is its action? remains after 3 doses, MUST call 911.
o May start on Nitro infusion to more gently control
pain and sustain BP.
o Hematoma at the site- direct pressure, should be
some firmness
o Bleeding-direct pressure
What are three
o Pseudoaneurysm (femoral)- may heart a bruey
complications post PCI
and may here a thrill
and their emergent
o Retroperitoneal bleed (flank pain) if you miss flank
treatments?
pain you will see hypotension, tachycardia, possible
bleeding
o Stroke
What is the main action o Dissolve clot in the coronary vessels
of a thrombolytic in a o To limit the size of the MI and get more blood
STEMI flow
§ Usually skin is in tact
§ The nonvascular outer layer of the skin and is a
thick as a sheet of paper.
What is 1st degree burn?
§ The epidermis is a protective barrier for the skin,
holding in fluids and electrolytes and aiding in body
temperature regulation.
Credible Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (130)
§ Stable, predictable exertional pain.
§ Doesn't increase in frequency or severity over
time.
Define angina? § Generally caused by fixed obstructive
atheromatous lesion.
§ Resolves with rest and treatment
§ May be preventable with pretreatment
§ Thrombus partially or intermittently occludes the
coronary artery.
§ S/S:
· Pain with or without radiation to arm, neck, back or
epigastric region.
· SOB
· Diaphoresis, N, lightheadedness
· Tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension or
hypertension.
Define unstable angina
· Decreased SaO2 and rhythm abnormalities
§ Because it is caused by a more significant
narrowing of the coronary artery vessel, the
symptoms are generally more pronounced and:
· Increasing with frequency
· Occurs with less provocation
· Are less likely to be resolved with treatment
· May occur at rest-HALLMARK SIGN
· Requires prompt evaluation/treatment
, · Pain with or without radiation to arm, neck, back or
epigastric region.
· SOB
· Diaphoresis, N, lightheadedness
· Tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension or
hypertension.
· Decreased SaO2 and rhythm abnormalities
S/S for unstable angina? § Because it is caused by a more significant
narrowing of the coronary artery vessel, the
symptoms are generally more pronounced and:
· Increasing with frequency
· Occurs with less provocation
· Are less likely to be resolved with treatment
· May occur at rest-HALLMARK SIGN
· Requires prompt evaluation/treatment
§ Cause:
· Thrombus partially or intermittently occludes the
coronary artery.
§ S/S:
· Very similar to unstable angina, pain may be more
Define an NSTEMI substantial, more difficult to resolve.
§ Major difference:
· Cardiac markers (enzymes) elevate to indicate
muscle damage.
· No ST segment elevation
· ST depression, T wave inversion
§ Cause:
· Thrombus fully occludes the coronary artery, ST
elevation
define a STEMI § S/S:
· Again very similar to angina, unstable angina, but
generally more severe and generally unrelieved
with basic treatment (O2, nitro, rest)
, § Pain control
§ Pain assessment- OLC CARTS
§ Nitro- check bp first before administering
§ ASA- platelet aggregation
What are treatment
§ O2 supplementation
priorities for the patient
§ Morphine (second potential for pain, continuing
that presents with ACS?
pain after nitro
§ Ultimate goal is zero pain.
§ Lead a 12 lead EKG, cardiac enzymes (troponin),
§ thrombolytics or Cath lab, get those vessels open!
o Causes vasodilation of coronary vessels
o Can drop BP precipitously, so taking BP before
Describe administration each dose is essential
of nitro SL for acute chest o One nitro SL q 5 min x 3 if pain continues. If
pain, what is its action? remains after 3 doses, MUST call 911.
o May start on Nitro infusion to more gently control
pain and sustain BP.
o Hematoma at the site- direct pressure, should be
some firmness
o Bleeding-direct pressure
What are three
o Pseudoaneurysm (femoral)- may heart a bruey
complications post PCI
and may here a thrill
and their emergent
o Retroperitoneal bleed (flank pain) if you miss flank
treatments?
pain you will see hypotension, tachycardia, possible
bleeding
o Stroke
What is the main action o Dissolve clot in the coronary vessels
of a thrombolytic in a o To limit the size of the MI and get more blood
STEMI flow
§ Usually skin is in tact
§ The nonvascular outer layer of the skin and is a
thick as a sheet of paper.
What is 1st degree burn?
§ The epidermis is a protective barrier for the skin,
holding in fluids and electrolytes and aiding in body
temperature regulation.
