JacquelynL.Banasik-ISBN:9780323761550
,Chapter01:IntroductiontoPathophysiology
Banasik:Pathophysiology,7thEdition
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. C.Q.wasrecentlyexposedtogroupAhemolyticStreptococcusandsubsequentlydevelopeda
pharyngealinfection.Hisclinicexaminationrevealsanoraltemperatureof102.3F, skinrash,dysphagia,and
X
reddenedthroatmucosawithmultiplepustules.Hecomplainsofsorethroat,malaise,andjointstiffness.
X
AthroatcultureispositiveforStreptococcus,andantibioticshavebeenprescribed.
X
TheetiologyofC.Q.’sdisease is X
a. asorethroat.
b. streptococcalinfection.
c. geneticsusceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:B
X
Etiologyreferstotheproposedcauseorcausesofaparticulardiseaseprocess.Asorethroatisthe
manifestationofthediseaseprocess.Geneticsusceptibilityreferstoinheritedtendencytodevelopadisease.
X
Pharyngitisreferstoinflammationofthethroatandisalsoaclinicalmanifestationofthediseaseprocess.
X
2. Anobesebutotherwisehealthyteenisgivenaprescriptionforalow-caloriedietandexercise
program.Thisisanexampleof
X
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
X ANS:B
Secondarypreventionistheearlydetection,screening,andmanagementofthediseasesuchasprescribingdiet
andexerciseforanindividualwhohasalreadydevelopedobesity.
X
Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibilityorreducingexposureforsusceptible
individuals.Tertiarypreventionincludesrehabilitativeandsupportivecareandattemptstoalleviatedisability
X
andrestoreeffectivefunctioning.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmanagementofthediseaseonceithas
X
Xdeveloped.
,3. A17-year-oldcollege-boundstudentreceivesavaccineagainstanorganismthatcauses
X
meningitis.Thisisanexampleof
X
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS:A
X
Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibilityorreducingexposureforsusceptible
individualsbyprovidingvaccination.Secondarypreventionistheearlydetection,screening,and
X
managementofthedisease.Tertiarypreventionincludesrehabilitativeandsupportivecareand
X
attemptstoalleviatedisabilityandrestoreeffectivefunctioning.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmanagementof
thediseaseonceithasdeveloped.
X
4. Apatientwithhighbloodpressurewhoisotherwisehealthyiscounseledtorestrictsodium
intake.Thisisanexampleof
X
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS:B
X
Secondarypreventionistheearlydetection,screening,andmanagementofthedisease,suchasbyprescribing
sodiumrestrictionforhighbloodpressure.Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibilityor
X
reducingexposureforsusceptibleindividuals.Tertiarypreventionincludesrehabilitativeandsupportivecareand
X
attemptstoalleviatedisabilityandrestoreeffectivefunctioning.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmanagementofthe
X
diseaseonceithasdeveloped.
X
, 5. Aftersuffering aheartattack,amiddle-agedmaniscounseledtotakeacholesterol-lowering
b
medication.Thisisanexampleof
X
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS:C
X
Tertiarypreventionincludesrehabilitativeandsupportivecareandattemptstoalleviatedisabilityand
restoreeffectivefunctioningsuchasprescribingacholesterol-lowering
X
medicationfollowingaheartattack.Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibility
orreducingexpUosuSrefNorsTusceptibOleindividuals.Secondarypreventionisthe
X
earlydetection,screening,andmanagementofthedisease.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmanagementofthe
diseaseonceithasdeveloped.
X
6. Apatienthasbeenexposedtomeningococcalmeningitis,butisnotyetdemonstratingsignsofthis
disease.Thisstageofillnessiscalledthe
X stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
X ANS:B
Incubationreferstotheintervalbetweenexposureofatissuetoaninjuriousagentandthefirstappearanceof
Xsignsandsymptoms.Ininfectiousdiseases,thisperiodisoftencalledtheincubation(latent)period.Prodromal
Xreferstotheappearanceofthefirstsignsandsymptomsindicatingtheonsetofadisease.Theseareoften
X nonspecific,suchasheadache,malaise,anorexia,andnausea,whichareassociatedwithanumberofdifferent
Xdiseases.
Sequelareferstosubsequentpathologicconditionresultingfromadisease.Convalescenceisthestageof
recoveryafteradisease,injury,orsurgicaloperation.
X
7. Adiseasethatisnativetoaparticularregioniscalled
X
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
,Chapter01:IntroductiontoPathophysiology
Banasik:Pathophysiology,7thEdition
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. C.Q.wasrecentlyexposedtogroupAhemolyticStreptococcusandsubsequentlydevelopeda
pharyngealinfection.Hisclinicexaminationrevealsanoraltemperatureof102.3F, skinrash,dysphagia,and
X
reddenedthroatmucosawithmultiplepustules.Hecomplainsofsorethroat,malaise,andjointstiffness.
X
AthroatcultureispositiveforStreptococcus,andantibioticshavebeenprescribed.
X
TheetiologyofC.Q.’sdisease is X
a. asorethroat.
b. streptococcalinfection.
c. geneticsusceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:B
X
Etiologyreferstotheproposedcauseorcausesofaparticulardiseaseprocess.Asorethroatisthe
manifestationofthediseaseprocess.Geneticsusceptibilityreferstoinheritedtendencytodevelopadisease.
X
Pharyngitisreferstoinflammationofthethroatandisalsoaclinicalmanifestationofthediseaseprocess.
X
2. Anobesebutotherwisehealthyteenisgivenaprescriptionforalow-caloriedietandexercise
program.Thisisanexampleof
X
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
X ANS:B
Secondarypreventionistheearlydetection,screening,andmanagementofthediseasesuchasprescribingdiet
andexerciseforanindividualwhohasalreadydevelopedobesity.
X
Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibilityorreducingexposureforsusceptible
individuals.Tertiarypreventionincludesrehabilitativeandsupportivecareandattemptstoalleviatedisability
X
andrestoreeffectivefunctioning.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmanagementofthediseaseonceithas
X
Xdeveloped.
,3. A17-year-oldcollege-boundstudentreceivesavaccineagainstanorganismthatcauses
X
meningitis.Thisisanexampleof
X
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS:A
X
Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibilityorreducingexposureforsusceptible
individualsbyprovidingvaccination.Secondarypreventionistheearlydetection,screening,and
X
managementofthedisease.Tertiarypreventionincludesrehabilitativeandsupportivecareand
X
attemptstoalleviatedisabilityandrestoreeffectivefunctioning.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmanagementof
thediseaseonceithasdeveloped.
X
4. Apatientwithhighbloodpressurewhoisotherwisehealthyiscounseledtorestrictsodium
intake.Thisisanexampleof
X
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS:B
X
Secondarypreventionistheearlydetection,screening,andmanagementofthedisease,suchasbyprescribing
sodiumrestrictionforhighbloodpressure.Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibilityor
X
reducingexposureforsusceptibleindividuals.Tertiarypreventionincludesrehabilitativeandsupportivecareand
X
attemptstoalleviatedisabilityandrestoreeffectivefunctioning.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmanagementofthe
X
diseaseonceithasdeveloped.
X
, 5. Aftersuffering aheartattack,amiddle-agedmaniscounseledtotakeacholesterol-lowering
b
medication.Thisisanexampleof
X
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS:C
X
Tertiarypreventionincludesrehabilitativeandsupportivecareandattemptstoalleviatedisabilityand
restoreeffectivefunctioningsuchasprescribingacholesterol-lowering
X
medicationfollowingaheartattack.Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibility
orreducingexpUosuSrefNorsTusceptibOleindividuals.Secondarypreventionisthe
X
earlydetection,screening,andmanagementofthedisease.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmanagementofthe
diseaseonceithasdeveloped.
X
6. Apatienthasbeenexposedtomeningococcalmeningitis,butisnotyetdemonstratingsignsofthis
disease.Thisstageofillnessiscalledthe
X stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
X ANS:B
Incubationreferstotheintervalbetweenexposureofatissuetoaninjuriousagentandthefirstappearanceof
Xsignsandsymptoms.Ininfectiousdiseases,thisperiodisoftencalledtheincubation(latent)period.Prodromal
Xreferstotheappearanceofthefirstsignsandsymptomsindicatingtheonsetofadisease.Theseareoften
X nonspecific,suchasheadache,malaise,anorexia,andnausea,whichareassociatedwithanumberofdifferent
Xdiseases.
Sequelareferstosubsequentpathologicconditionresultingfromadisease.Convalescenceisthestageof
recoveryafteradisease,injury,orsurgicaloperation.
X
7. Adiseasethatisnativetoaparticularregioniscalled
X
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
