LATEST VERSION OF WGU D202 HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
COURSE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS – FULLY REVISED AND
ACCURATE (PASS GUARANTEE)
1. Q: What is human development? ANSWER Human development is the
scientific study of systematic processes of change and stability that occur in
people from conception through death.
2. Q: What are the three major domains of development? ANSWER
Physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development.
3. Q: What is physical development? ANSWER Physical development
involves growth of the body and brain, including patterns of change in sensory
capacities, motor skills, and health.
4. Q: What is cognitive development? ANSWER Cognitive development is
the pattern of change in mental abilities such as learning, attention, memory,
language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.
5. Q: What is psychosocial development? ANSWER Psychosocial
development includes changes in emotions, personality, and social
relationships.
6. Q: What are the eight periods of human development? ANSWER
Prenatal, infancy/toddlerhood, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence,
emerging adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood.
7. Q: What is the nature vs. nurture debate? ANSWER The debate about
whether development is primarily influenced by genetic inheritance (nature) or
environmental experiences (nurture).
8. Q: What is continuous development? ANSWER Development viewed as
a gradual, cumulative process of change.
9. Q: What is discontinuous development? ANSWER Development viewed
as occurring in distinct stages with qualitative differences.
10. Q: What are critical periods? ANSWER Specific times when a given
event or its absence has a profound effect on development.
,11. Q: What are sensitive periods? ANSWER Times when a developing
person is especially responsive to certain kinds of experiences.
12. Q: What is plasticity? ANSWER The capacity for modification or change
in response to experience.
13. Q: What are individual differences? ANSWER Variations in
characteristics, influences, and developmental outcomes among individuals.
14. Q: What is a cohort? ANSWER A group of people born at about the
same time who share historical experiences.
15. Q: What is the lifespan development perspective? ANSWER The view
that development is lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic,
contextual, and multidisciplinary.
16. Q: What are normative age-graded influences? ANSWER Biological
and environmental influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age
group.
17. Q: What are normative history-graded influences? ANSWER
Biological and environmental influences associated with historical events that
affect large numbers of people.
18. Q: What are nonnormative life events? ANSWER Unusual events that
have a major impact on individual lives but do not happen to most people.
19. Q: What is the ecological systems theory? ANSWER Bronfenbrenner's
theory that views development as occurring within nested environmental
systems.
20. Q: What are the five systems in Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory?
ANSWER Microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and
chronosystem.
Section 2: Theoretical Perspectives (Questions 21-50)
21. Q: Who developed the psychoanalytic theory? ANSWER Sigmund
Freud developed psychoanalytic theory.
22. Q: What are Freud's five psychosexual stages? ANSWER Oral, anal,
phallic, latency, and genital stages.
23. Q: What is the oral stage (Freud)? ANSWER Birth to 18 months;
pleasure centers on the mouth through sucking, biting, and chewing.
, 24. Q: What is the anal stage (Freud)? ANSWER 18 months to 3 years;
pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination and control.
25. Q: What is the phallic stage (Freud)? ANSWER 3 to 6 years; pleasure
zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings.
26. Q: What is Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? ANSWER
A theory emphasizing social and cultural influences on development across
eight stages throughout the lifespan.
27. Q: What is the first stage in Erikson's theory? ANSWER Trust vs.
Mistrust (birth to 1 year).
28. Q: What is the second stage in Erikson's theory? ANSWER Autonomy
vs. Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 years).
29. Q: What is the third stage in Erikson's theory? ANSWER Initiative vs.
Guilt (3 to 6 years).
30. Q: What is the fourth stage in Erikson's theory? ANSWER Industry vs.
Inferiority (6 years to puberty).
31. Q: What is the fifth stage in Erikson's theory? ANSWER Identity vs.
Role Confusion (adolescence).
32. Q: What is the sixth stage in Erikson's theory? ANSWER Intimacy vs.
Isolation (young adulthood).
33. Q: What is the seventh stage in Erikson's theory? ANSWER
Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood).
34. Q: What is the eighth stage in Erikson's theory? ANSWER Integrity vs.
Despair (late adulthood).
35. Q: Who developed social learning theory? ANSWER Albert Bandura
developed social learning theory (later called social cognitive theory).
36. Q: What is observational learning? ANSWER Learning by watching and
imitating the behavior of others (models).
37. Q: What is self-efficacy? ANSWER Belief in one's ability to successfully
accomplish a specific task.
38. Q: Who developed classical conditioning? ANSWER Ivan Pavlov
developed classical conditioning.
39. Q: Who developed operant conditioning? ANSWER B.F. Skinner
developed operant conditioning.
COURSE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS – FULLY REVISED AND
ACCURATE (PASS GUARANTEE)
1. Q: What is human development? ANSWER Human development is the
scientific study of systematic processes of change and stability that occur in
people from conception through death.
2. Q: What are the three major domains of development? ANSWER
Physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development.
3. Q: What is physical development? ANSWER Physical development
involves growth of the body and brain, including patterns of change in sensory
capacities, motor skills, and health.
4. Q: What is cognitive development? ANSWER Cognitive development is
the pattern of change in mental abilities such as learning, attention, memory,
language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.
5. Q: What is psychosocial development? ANSWER Psychosocial
development includes changes in emotions, personality, and social
relationships.
6. Q: What are the eight periods of human development? ANSWER
Prenatal, infancy/toddlerhood, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence,
emerging adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood.
7. Q: What is the nature vs. nurture debate? ANSWER The debate about
whether development is primarily influenced by genetic inheritance (nature) or
environmental experiences (nurture).
8. Q: What is continuous development? ANSWER Development viewed as
a gradual, cumulative process of change.
9. Q: What is discontinuous development? ANSWER Development viewed
as occurring in distinct stages with qualitative differences.
10. Q: What are critical periods? ANSWER Specific times when a given
event or its absence has a profound effect on development.
,11. Q: What are sensitive periods? ANSWER Times when a developing
person is especially responsive to certain kinds of experiences.
12. Q: What is plasticity? ANSWER The capacity for modification or change
in response to experience.
13. Q: What are individual differences? ANSWER Variations in
characteristics, influences, and developmental outcomes among individuals.
14. Q: What is a cohort? ANSWER A group of people born at about the
same time who share historical experiences.
15. Q: What is the lifespan development perspective? ANSWER The view
that development is lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic,
contextual, and multidisciplinary.
16. Q: What are normative age-graded influences? ANSWER Biological
and environmental influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age
group.
17. Q: What are normative history-graded influences? ANSWER
Biological and environmental influences associated with historical events that
affect large numbers of people.
18. Q: What are nonnormative life events? ANSWER Unusual events that
have a major impact on individual lives but do not happen to most people.
19. Q: What is the ecological systems theory? ANSWER Bronfenbrenner's
theory that views development as occurring within nested environmental
systems.
20. Q: What are the five systems in Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory?
ANSWER Microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and
chronosystem.
Section 2: Theoretical Perspectives (Questions 21-50)
21. Q: Who developed the psychoanalytic theory? ANSWER Sigmund
Freud developed psychoanalytic theory.
22. Q: What are Freud's five psychosexual stages? ANSWER Oral, anal,
phallic, latency, and genital stages.
23. Q: What is the oral stage (Freud)? ANSWER Birth to 18 months;
pleasure centers on the mouth through sucking, biting, and chewing.
, 24. Q: What is the anal stage (Freud)? ANSWER 18 months to 3 years;
pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination and control.
25. Q: What is the phallic stage (Freud)? ANSWER 3 to 6 years; pleasure
zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings.
26. Q: What is Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? ANSWER
A theory emphasizing social and cultural influences on development across
eight stages throughout the lifespan.
27. Q: What is the first stage in Erikson's theory? ANSWER Trust vs.
Mistrust (birth to 1 year).
28. Q: What is the second stage in Erikson's theory? ANSWER Autonomy
vs. Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 years).
29. Q: What is the third stage in Erikson's theory? ANSWER Initiative vs.
Guilt (3 to 6 years).
30. Q: What is the fourth stage in Erikson's theory? ANSWER Industry vs.
Inferiority (6 years to puberty).
31. Q: What is the fifth stage in Erikson's theory? ANSWER Identity vs.
Role Confusion (adolescence).
32. Q: What is the sixth stage in Erikson's theory? ANSWER Intimacy vs.
Isolation (young adulthood).
33. Q: What is the seventh stage in Erikson's theory? ANSWER
Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood).
34. Q: What is the eighth stage in Erikson's theory? ANSWER Integrity vs.
Despair (late adulthood).
35. Q: Who developed social learning theory? ANSWER Albert Bandura
developed social learning theory (later called social cognitive theory).
36. Q: What is observational learning? ANSWER Learning by watching and
imitating the behavior of others (models).
37. Q: What is self-efficacy? ANSWER Belief in one's ability to successfully
accomplish a specific task.
38. Q: Who developed classical conditioning? ANSWER Ivan Pavlov
developed classical conditioning.
39. Q: Who developed operant conditioning? ANSWER B.F. Skinner
developed operant conditioning.
