Nsg 211- Mood & affect / cognition
Examination and All Correct Answers
2025\2026 Edition.
You are a pediatric nurse who is receiving a change-of-shift report. The previous nurse reports
that your team has taken two overflow patients from another unit. Based on the following
information, prioritize your four patients and explain your rationale.
a) A 4-year-old with ASD who is withdrawn with staff
b) An 8-year-old who has ADHD who has not eaten much throughout the day due to inattention
c) A 50-year-old post-op patient with possible delirium who was hyperactive during the day and
is now lethargic
d) An 80-year-old with Alzheimer's who is starting to experience sundowning - Answer C, D, B,
A
The first patient the nurse needs to assess is the 50-year-old post-op patient who is now
lethargic. The key word in this answer is lethargic. If a patient is lethargic they are no longer able
to protect their airway and we have a potential airway issue. Remember airway, breathing, and
circulation are your priorities unless there is an immediate safety issue such as an active
shooter. The next patient to assess will be the 80-year-old with sundowning. This patient is at
increased risk for falls and therefore presents with a safety issue. The next patient would be the
8-year-old who has not eaten much throughout the day and would need their nutritional needs
addressed. Lastly we would check on the withdrawn 4-year-old. A patient with ASD may be
withdrawn and this could be a normal finding.
An elderly client is diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. She becomes agitated and combative
when a nurse approaches to help with morning care. The most appropriate nursing intervention
in this situation would be to:
a. tell the client firmly that it is time to get dressed.
b. obtain assistance to restrain the client for safety.
c. remain calm and talk quietly to the client.
d. call the doctor and request an order for sedation - Answer c
The best way to approach an agitated patient is to talk to them in a calm and quiet manner. This
decreases stimulation and the nurse does not present him/herself as a threat to the patient.
Using a firm tone can further escalate the patient. Both chemical and physical restraints should
only be implemented after less dramatic interventions have been attempted.
, a. The client will complete activities of daily living
b. The client will maintain safe
c. The client will remain oriented
d. The client will understand communication - Answer b
The priorities of care for all patients are airway, breathing, circulation, pain, and safety. B is the
only goal that addresses any of these.
A client diagnosed with Alzheimer disease becomes agitated during an activity involving
simultaneous music playing and a craft project. The client starts shouting, "No! No! No!" and
runs from the room. Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate?
a. Administer a prn anti-anxiety medication.
b. Restrict participation in any group activities.
c. Call security and prepare physical restraints.
d. Reassure the client and then redirect to a quiet area. - Answer d
Environmental stimuli should be kept at a minimum for clients with dementia. A quiet
environment will prevent sensory overload. Once the client is less agitated, the client can be
directed to a less stimulating activity. Use of physical and pharmacologic restraints should be
avoided.
A nurse is preparing an educational program for clients in a long-term care facility regarding
protective factors for Alzheimer disease (AD). Which information should the nurse include?
Select all that apply.
a. Becoming involved in activities such as reading that keep the mind active
b. Incorporate a high-calorie, high-carbohydrate diet to decrease formation of amyloid plaques
c. Remain socially active
d. Including modest exercise into daily regimen
e. Begin drinking a glass of wine each night before bed - Answer a, c, d
Evidence demonstrates that cognitive activities such as reading, completing puzzles, and
learning new information or tasks build cognitive resilience and protect against cognitive
decline. There is some evidence to suggest that the heart-healthy diets that include antioxidant-
and polyphenol-rich foods such as tea, cocoa, grapes, and colorful fruits and vegetables may
interrupt formation of amyloid plaques and prevent AD. Social engagement may improve
cognitive function and have some protective effects against AD. Modest levels of exercise have
been demonstrated to improve cognitive function. Moderate alcohol consumption may be
Examination and All Correct Answers
2025\2026 Edition.
You are a pediatric nurse who is receiving a change-of-shift report. The previous nurse reports
that your team has taken two overflow patients from another unit. Based on the following
information, prioritize your four patients and explain your rationale.
a) A 4-year-old with ASD who is withdrawn with staff
b) An 8-year-old who has ADHD who has not eaten much throughout the day due to inattention
c) A 50-year-old post-op patient with possible delirium who was hyperactive during the day and
is now lethargic
d) An 80-year-old with Alzheimer's who is starting to experience sundowning - Answer C, D, B,
A
The first patient the nurse needs to assess is the 50-year-old post-op patient who is now
lethargic. The key word in this answer is lethargic. If a patient is lethargic they are no longer able
to protect their airway and we have a potential airway issue. Remember airway, breathing, and
circulation are your priorities unless there is an immediate safety issue such as an active
shooter. The next patient to assess will be the 80-year-old with sundowning. This patient is at
increased risk for falls and therefore presents with a safety issue. The next patient would be the
8-year-old who has not eaten much throughout the day and would need their nutritional needs
addressed. Lastly we would check on the withdrawn 4-year-old. A patient with ASD may be
withdrawn and this could be a normal finding.
An elderly client is diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. She becomes agitated and combative
when a nurse approaches to help with morning care. The most appropriate nursing intervention
in this situation would be to:
a. tell the client firmly that it is time to get dressed.
b. obtain assistance to restrain the client for safety.
c. remain calm and talk quietly to the client.
d. call the doctor and request an order for sedation - Answer c
The best way to approach an agitated patient is to talk to them in a calm and quiet manner. This
decreases stimulation and the nurse does not present him/herself as a threat to the patient.
Using a firm tone can further escalate the patient. Both chemical and physical restraints should
only be implemented after less dramatic interventions have been attempted.
, a. The client will complete activities of daily living
b. The client will maintain safe
c. The client will remain oriented
d. The client will understand communication - Answer b
The priorities of care for all patients are airway, breathing, circulation, pain, and safety. B is the
only goal that addresses any of these.
A client diagnosed with Alzheimer disease becomes agitated during an activity involving
simultaneous music playing and a craft project. The client starts shouting, "No! No! No!" and
runs from the room. Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate?
a. Administer a prn anti-anxiety medication.
b. Restrict participation in any group activities.
c. Call security and prepare physical restraints.
d. Reassure the client and then redirect to a quiet area. - Answer d
Environmental stimuli should be kept at a minimum for clients with dementia. A quiet
environment will prevent sensory overload. Once the client is less agitated, the client can be
directed to a less stimulating activity. Use of physical and pharmacologic restraints should be
avoided.
A nurse is preparing an educational program for clients in a long-term care facility regarding
protective factors for Alzheimer disease (AD). Which information should the nurse include?
Select all that apply.
a. Becoming involved in activities such as reading that keep the mind active
b. Incorporate a high-calorie, high-carbohydrate diet to decrease formation of amyloid plaques
c. Remain socially active
d. Including modest exercise into daily regimen
e. Begin drinking a glass of wine each night before bed - Answer a, c, d
Evidence demonstrates that cognitive activities such as reading, completing puzzles, and
learning new information or tasks build cognitive resilience and protect against cognitive
decline. There is some evidence to suggest that the heart-healthy diets that include antioxidant-
and polyphenol-rich foods such as tea, cocoa, grapes, and colorful fruits and vegetables may
interrupt formation of amyloid plaques and prevent AD. Social engagement may improve
cognitive function and have some protective effects against AD. Modest levels of exercise have
been demonstrated to improve cognitive function. Moderate alcohol consumption may be
