MCN 538
MCN 538 Exam 2 Study Guide UPDATED 2025
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
Modifiable: Smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, sedentary lifestyle,
poor diet, diabetes. Non-modifiable: Age, family history, early menopause,
ethnicity. Gender-specific factors: Pregnancy-related conditions (gestational
diabetes, preeclampsia), hormone therapy, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
ACE Inhibitors
e.g., lisinopril: Side effect - dry cough, hyperkalemia.
ARBs
e.g., losartan: Side effect - dizziness, hyperkalemia.
Calcium Channel Blockers
e.g., amlodipine: Side effect - peripheral edema, constipation.
Beta-blockers
e.g., metoprolol: Side effect - bradycardia, fatigue.
MCN 538
, MCN 538
Diuretics
e.g., hydrochlorothiazide: Side effect - electrolyte imbalances, dehydration.
Factors in Treating Hypertension
Race: African Americans respond better to thiazide diuretics and calcium channel
blockers. Co-morbidities: Diabetes, CKD, coronary artery disease (CAD) require
specific treatment approaches. ACE inhibitors or ARBs are preferred for patients
with diabetes or CKD.
Criteria for Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome
Requires 3 or more of the following: Abdominal obesity (waist circumference >35
inches in women), Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, HDL <50 mg/dL in women, Blood
pressure ≥130/85 mm Hg, Fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL.
Statins
e.g., atorvastatin: Adverse effect - muscle pain, liver dysfunction.
Fibrates
e.g., fenofibrate: Adverse effect - gallstones, myopathy.
Niacin
MCN 538
MCN 538 Exam 2 Study Guide UPDATED 2025
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
Modifiable: Smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, sedentary lifestyle,
poor diet, diabetes. Non-modifiable: Age, family history, early menopause,
ethnicity. Gender-specific factors: Pregnancy-related conditions (gestational
diabetes, preeclampsia), hormone therapy, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
ACE Inhibitors
e.g., lisinopril: Side effect - dry cough, hyperkalemia.
ARBs
e.g., losartan: Side effect - dizziness, hyperkalemia.
Calcium Channel Blockers
e.g., amlodipine: Side effect - peripheral edema, constipation.
Beta-blockers
e.g., metoprolol: Side effect - bradycardia, fatigue.
MCN 538
, MCN 538
Diuretics
e.g., hydrochlorothiazide: Side effect - electrolyte imbalances, dehydration.
Factors in Treating Hypertension
Race: African Americans respond better to thiazide diuretics and calcium channel
blockers. Co-morbidities: Diabetes, CKD, coronary artery disease (CAD) require
specific treatment approaches. ACE inhibitors or ARBs are preferred for patients
with diabetes or CKD.
Criteria for Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome
Requires 3 or more of the following: Abdominal obesity (waist circumference >35
inches in women), Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, HDL <50 mg/dL in women, Blood
pressure ≥130/85 mm Hg, Fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL.
Statins
e.g., atorvastatin: Adverse effect - muscle pain, liver dysfunction.
Fibrates
e.g., fenofibrate: Adverse effect - gallstones, myopathy.
Niacin
MCN 538
