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SQA Final Exam Prep (150+ Questions) | DRY, TUFs, Model Checking, Performance Metrics | Software Engineering

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This exam preparation document for Software Quality Assurance (SQA) in the 2025/2026 academic year contains 150+ multiple choice and short-answer questions with verified A+ answers. It is tailored for final exam review and in-depth concept reinforcement, structured to help students succeed in both theoretical and practical assessments. The document thoroughly explores core SQA principles and practices, such as: DRY (Don’t Repeat Yourself) and polymorphism for testability and maintainability Test-Unfriendly Features (TUFs) and Test-Unfriendly Constructs (TUCs) with examples like static and private methods Dependency Injection techniques and the importance of seam creation in legacy code testing Stochastic and Fuzz Testing, including shrinking, invariants, and property-based testing State Space Exploration and Model Checking, with concepts such as symbolic execution, state explosion, and hash compaction Performance Testing Indicators (e.g., response time, throughput, CPU utilization, MTBF, MTTR) using both service-oriented and efficiency-oriented approaches Security Testing methods, such as CIA triad, buffer overflows, cross-site scripting (XSS), and role of sanitization Testing strategies: regression testing, exploratory testing, black-box vs white-box testing, and coverage criteria (statement, branch, path, state) Each concept is broken down using examples, definitions, code snippets, and explanations of tool-based practices (e.g., Google Address/Thread Sanitizer, Java Path Finder). Relevant for: Undergraduate or graduate students in Software Engineering, Computer Science, or Cybersecurity Final year students preparing for SQA exams, certifications, or capstone assessments QA engineers and test professionals aiming to revise core principles or evaluate automation and model checking strategies University instructors seeking extensive question banks and teaching material for exams or mock tests Keywords: software quality assurance, DRY principle, testability, TUF, TUC, seam, dependency injection, legacy code, fuzz testing, invariants, symbolic execution, model checking, regression testing, exploratory testing, static testing, performance testing, MTBF, MTTR, response time, throughput, CIA triad, XSS, Java Path Finder, test automation, unit testing, stochastic testing

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Institution
SQA
Course
SQA

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SQA Final Exam Prep 2025/2026 Exam
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segment code - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔methods should perform one well-defined

functionality


how does segment code increase testability? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔more

reusable and maintainable, the methods don't depend on each other

anymore


DRY - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Don't Repeat Yourself


DRYL why shouldn't we repeat ourselves? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- Increased

code to maintain, more room for error

- Less timetable → have to do increased testing and when there is a defect,

the bug fix has to be replicated in all copies

,DRY: what do i do with similar code? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔merge them!


functionally similar w/ diff types? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔polymorphism


DRY: which type of classes and methods should we make use of? -

🧠ANSWER ✔✔- generic ones


- parameterized types


use generic classes when - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔there is no superclass


TUFs - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Test-Unfriendly Features


TUCs - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Test-Unfriendly Constructs


no TUFs inside - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔TUCs


TUFs are - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔features that you want to fake using stubs

(because they take too long to set up to work correctly, or test, or testing

them causes unwanted side-effects


examples of TUFs - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- printing to console


- reading / writing from a database / to a filesystem

- access a diff program or system / the network

,TUCs are - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔methods that are hard to fake using stubbing or

overriding


stubbing def - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔replacing a method in a mocked object using

Mockito


overriding def - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔overriding a method in a "fake" class that

subclasses real class


TUCs examples - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- object constructors / destroctors


- private methods

- final methods




(the above four are impossible to override)




- static methods: impossible to override or to stub (since static methods are

called on classes not objects)


so what does no TUFs inside TUCs mean? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔do not put

code that you want to fake (TUFs) inside methods that are hard to fake

(TUCs)

3
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, make it easy to satisfy preconditions - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- depnednece on

external data is bad for testing


external data examples - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- val of global vars


- val extracted from a global data structure

- val read from a file / database

- basically any val that you did not pass in as args

- aka side-effects

pass in data using args (will need less external data) and for the remaining

external data - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- segregate hard-to-test code w/ side-effects

into a small corner

- keep as many methods pure as possible


make it easy to reprouce - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- dependence on random data is

bad for testing

- random data = impossible to reproduce result


if you pass in Die d var, - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔you can do

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