Clayton's Basic Pharmacology for Nurses
Exam 2026 Questions and Answers
Anti-Diarrheals Mode of action - Correct answer-Reduce fluid content of the stool
and decrease the peristalsis and motility of the intestinal tract
Anti-Diarrheals Side Effects - Correct answer-Abdominal pain constipation
dizziness, nausea and vomiting
bismuth subsalicylate (what is it? brand name/considerations) - Correct answer-
Pepto-Bismol
Contains salicylates (Reyes syndrome)
temporary darkening of stool
Diphenoxylate and atropine sulfate - Correct answer-Lomotil (Anti-Diarrheal)
loperamide - Correct answer-Imodium (Anti-Diarrheal)
Kaolin and pectin - Correct answer-Colace (Anti-Diarrheal)
What are the 3 general types of laxatives (common side effects) - Correct answer-
Bulk-forming agents
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Hyperosmolar or Saline solutions
Stimulant or irritant laxatives
Side effects:
Nausea/vomiting/obstruction/hypersensitivity/cramping/diarrhea/electrolytes
Bulk Forming laxatives (action/side effects) - Correct answer-absorb water and
expand
increase bulk and moisture which increases peristalsis and softens stool
Not within 2 hours of other meds
Psyllium seed - Correct answer-Metamucil (Bulk-forming laxative)
methylcellulose - Correct answer-Citrucel (Bulk-forming laxative)
hyperosmolar laxatives (action/side effects/contraindication) - Correct answer-
draw water into bowel promoting peristalsis
rapid. major dehydration possible
Avoid impaired kidney function, congestive heart failure and high blood pressure
Lactulose - Correct answer-(hyperosmotic laxative) decreases ammonia levels in
patients with liver problems
Magnesium citrate - Correct answer-(hyperosmotic laxative) Milk of magnesia
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
Exam 2026 Questions and Answers
Anti-Diarrheals Mode of action - Correct answer-Reduce fluid content of the stool
and decrease the peristalsis and motility of the intestinal tract
Anti-Diarrheals Side Effects - Correct answer-Abdominal pain constipation
dizziness, nausea and vomiting
bismuth subsalicylate (what is it? brand name/considerations) - Correct answer-
Pepto-Bismol
Contains salicylates (Reyes syndrome)
temporary darkening of stool
Diphenoxylate and atropine sulfate - Correct answer-Lomotil (Anti-Diarrheal)
loperamide - Correct answer-Imodium (Anti-Diarrheal)
Kaolin and pectin - Correct answer-Colace (Anti-Diarrheal)
What are the 3 general types of laxatives (common side effects) - Correct answer-
Bulk-forming agents
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Hyperosmolar or Saline solutions
Stimulant or irritant laxatives
Side effects:
Nausea/vomiting/obstruction/hypersensitivity/cramping/diarrhea/electrolytes
Bulk Forming laxatives (action/side effects) - Correct answer-absorb water and
expand
increase bulk and moisture which increases peristalsis and softens stool
Not within 2 hours of other meds
Psyllium seed - Correct answer-Metamucil (Bulk-forming laxative)
methylcellulose - Correct answer-Citrucel (Bulk-forming laxative)
hyperosmolar laxatives (action/side effects/contraindication) - Correct answer-
draw water into bowel promoting peristalsis
rapid. major dehydration possible
Avoid impaired kidney function, congestive heart failure and high blood pressure
Lactulose - Correct answer-(hyperosmotic laxative) decreases ammonia levels in
patients with liver problems
Magnesium citrate - Correct answer-(hyperosmotic laxative) Milk of magnesia
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
