Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner (AGACNP-BC) Exam Questions with Correct Solutions|| Updated 2025/2026 Syllabus||Already Graded 100% Guaranteed Pass!!!<<Brand New Version>>

Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner (AGACNP-BC) Exam Questions with Correct Solutions|| Updated 2025/2026 Syllabus||Already Graded 100% Guaranteed Pass!!!&lt;&lt;Brand New Version&gt;&gt; What does bleeding look like in the different parts of digestive system - ANSWER hematesis- stomach, coffee grounds lower GI melena -lower GI S/S of PUD - ANSWER Gnawing epigastric pain relief with eating (duodenal) Pain worse with eating (gastric) Physical findings of PUD - ANSWER often unremarkable; may note some mild epigastric tenderness GI bleeding: melena, hematemesis or coffee ground emesis Perforation: Severe epigastric pain, "board-like" abdomen, quiet BS, rigidity and other s/s of acute abdomen Tinkeling BS= Obstruction Lab/Diagnostics of PUD - ANSWER Normal; anemia on CBC Consider endoscopy after 2-8 weeks of treatment Consider H pylori testing PPI (proton pump inhibitor) - ANSWER Causes rebound GERD when coming off. Prevacid, aciphex, protonix, prilosec, dexilant, nexium H2 receptors - ANSWER tagament, antac, pepcid, axid Mucosal Protective agents - ANSWER give 2 hours apart form other medications sucralfate 1gm/qid: Requires acidic environment (avoid antacids and H2 blockers) Associated with decreases in nosocomial pneumonia Pepto-Bismal Cytotec Antacids H. Pylori Eradication therapy - ANSWER Resistance: Develops quickly to Flagyl and Biaxin Does not develop quickly to amoxicillin or tetracycline Combo options: 2 antibiotics+ PPI or bismuth Quadrants and Abdomen pain - ANSWER LLQ diverticulitis RUQ galbladder Peri-umbilical- appendicitis Causes of Obstruction - ANSWER Adhesions Cancer Impaction GERD - ANSWER A disorder characterized by back flow of acidic gastric intents into the espohagus Causes/Incidence of GERD - ANSWER Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter delayed gastric emptying S/S of GERD - ANSWER retrosternal burning, bitter taste, belching,dysphagia, excessive salivation, occurs at night or in recumbent position, relieved by sitting up Diagnostics of GERD - ANSWER consider referral for EGD: rule out CA, Barrett's esophagus Management of GERD - ANSWER Elevate HOB Avoid ETOH, caffeine, spices, peppermint stop smoking and weight reduction antacids PRN H2 blockers (-tidines) PPI (-zoles) GI/Surgical consult PRN Acid anti-secretory agents for PUD - ANSWER H2 receptor antagonists "dines": Cimetidine (tagamet) Ranitidine (zantac) Famotidine (pepcid) Nizatidine (Axid) Proton Pump inhibitors "zoles": Lanzoprazole, (prevacid) Omeprazole(prilosec) pantoprazole (prilosec) ans Esomeprazole (nexium) Used for patients that cannot discontinue NSAIDS as well Mucosal protecting Agents PUD - ANSWER "coats"ulcer sucralfate, Bismuth, Misoprostol (may stimulate uterine contraction-abortion) Antacids: Milanta and Maalox, do not decrease gastric acidity H-Pylori therapy - ANSWER combination therapy used for 7 days 2 antibiotics + proton pump inhibitor or bismuth (not as popular due to QID dosing) use combo because resistance develops quickly to metronidazole (flagyl) and Clarithromycin (Biaxin) But not to amoxicillin and or tetracycline so ABX 2X a day with meals and Omeprazole (prilosec)before meals Antiulcer therapy follows this prilosec and H2 blockers for 3-7 weeks Hepatitis - ANSWER Inflammation of the liver, with resultant liver dysfunction types: A, B, C, E, G Hep A - ANSWER an enteral virus, transmitted via the oral fecal-route and rarely, parenterally Contaminated water and food; oral sex! blood and stool are infectious during 2-6 week incubation period Hep B - ANSWER Blood borne DNA virus present in serum, saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions. Transmitted via blood and blood products, sexual activity and mother fetus Hep C - ANSWER Blood bore RNA virus in which the source of infection is often uncertain Traditionally associated with blood transfusions 50% cases are related to IV drug use Leading cause of liver transplant S/S of Hepatitis - ANSWER Pre-icteric: Fever, malaise, anorexia, N/V, headache, aversion to smoking and alcohol Icteric: Weight loss, jaundice,pruritus, right upper quad pain, clay colored stool, dark urine Lab/diagnostics of Hepatitis - ANSWER WBC: low to normal UA: proteinuria, bilirubinuria Elevated AST and ALT (500-2000) norma 35-40 LDH, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and PT normal or slightly elevated Management of Hepatitis - ANSWER Increase fluids to 3,000 to 4,000/day no/low protein diet: cause ammonia Serax if sedation is necessary Vit K for prolonged PT (&gt;15 sec) Lactulose 30ml orally or rectally for elevated ammonia levels: hepatic encephalophathy Diverticulitis - ANSWER Inflammation or localized perforation of one or more diverticula with abscess formation Causes/Incidence of Diverticulitis - ANSWER More common in women than men Higher incidence in those with low dietary fiber S/S of Diverticulitis - ANSWER mild to moderate aching abdominal pain in LLQ Constipation or loose stools Nausea and vomiting Physical findings of diverticulitis - ANSWER Low grade fever LLQ tenderness ot palpation Lab/Diagnostic of Diverticulitis - ANSWER Mild to mod leukocytosis, elevated ESR, Stool heme + in 25 % of cases, plain and films are obtained on all patients to look for evidence of free air Surgical consult Management of inpatient diverticulitis - ANSWER NPO dependent upon condition IV fluids IV abx: Flagyl, Cipro, Fortaz, Clindamycin, Ampicillin Cholecystitis - ANSWER Inflammation of gallbladder, associated with gallstones in &gt;90% of cases S/S of cholecystitis - ANSWER Often precipitated by a large or fatty meal Sudden appearance of steady, sever pain in epigastrium or right hypochondrium Vomiting causes relief in many patients Physical findings of Cholecystitis - ANSWER Murphy's sign: Deep pain on inspiration while fingers are place under the right rib cage RUQ tenderness to palpation Muscle guarding and rebound pain Fever Lab/Diagnostics of Cholecystitis - ANSWER WBC: 12-15000 Bili may be elevated ALT,AST, LDH, and alkaline phosphatase levels are increased Amylase may be elevated HIDA scan Ultrasound: ** Gold standard(most effective imaging test) Management of Cholecystitis - ANSWER Pain management NGT for decompression Maintain NPO Crystalloid solutions IV abx, broad spectrum such as piperacillin surgical consultation for lap chole Acute Pancreatitis - ANSWER inflammation of the pancreas due to escape of pancreatic enzymes into surrounding tissue, result in in auto digestive state of the pancreas. Causes/incidence of Pancreatitis - ANSWER Gallbladder disease Heavy alcohol use hypercalcemia hyperlipidemia Trauma Medications such as sulfonamides, thiazides, lasix, estrogen, or azathioprin S/S of pancreatitis - ANSWER Abrupt onset of steady, sever epigastric pain worsened by walking and lying supine. Pain improved by sitting or leaning forward Pain radiates to the back but may radiate elsewhere N/V usually present Weakness, sweating, anxiety in severe attacks